Interview
CIE IGCSE History (0470) Notes
- Course
- Institution
Notes required for CIE IGCSE History (0470) which covers the whole syllabus. A* standard notes. Includes essay structures + how to answer questions in Paper 1 & 2.
[Show more]
3 reviews
By: ltoff13 • 1 year ago
By: zohairassad17 • 1 year ago
By: laylaiismaiil • 2 year ago
Seller
Follow
soniaasanjay
Reviews received
Content preview
IGCSE HISTORYBackground: WW1 (1914-1918)
● Economic Effects
○ Britain, France & Russia left bankrupt; relying on money from USA
○ Inflation hit Germany
■ Currency collapsed: caused black-market & barter
● Social Effects
○ People carrying diseases displaced throughout Europe
■ Spanish Flu killed over 50 million
es
○ Lack of working men = boom in working women
■ Women did industrial work & began pushing for voting rights
■ Hierarchical structure of society was breaking
ot
● Political Effects
○ Germany’s monarchy ended; Wilhelm abdicated in November 1918
N
■ Friedrich Ebert (politician) led Weimar Republic Government
○ Empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary & Turkey collapsed
○ Britain & France’s colonies wanted independence
SE
● Territory Effects
○ Germany lost 15% of adult population
○ Germany’s borders were undecided
C
1) Were the Peace Treaties of 1919-23 Fair?
● Big Three
IG
○ Paris Peace Conference 1919-20
■ At Palace of Versailles
■ 32 nations were present
ay
● Conference for the victors; defeated nations weren’t invited
■ Agreed that 5 treaties would be drawn up at the conference
■ Council of 10 with 2 members from 5 leading countries (USA, Britain, France,
nj
Italy & Japan)
■ Big 3+1 : Vittorio Orlando (PM Italy)
Sa
○ Reasons for differing aims
Differing ideas Differing experiences
Woodrow ● Punish Germany; not too harshly (avoid revenge) ● Hadn’t suffered any
a
Wilson ● Rebuild a better, peaceful Europe from the ruins of WW1 damage during the war
(USA) ○ Strengthen democracy in defeated countries apart from fires started
ni
■ Public wouldn't let their leaders cause another by German agents to
war destroy goods going to
So
■ ‘Fair & lasting peace’ Britain & France
● Make sure war didn't break out again ● Joined the war in 1917
○ Use 14 points as a basis for peace ● Located far away from
■ Came from identifying causes of conflict & Europe where main
devising remedies for each cause destruction was
● Eg. Cause: arms buildup, Sol: Disarm happening
(maintain basic defence)
■ Strengthen democracies
14 points:
○ No secret treaties
○ Free access to seas
○ Free trade
, ○ All nations to work towards disarmament
○ Colonies to have a say in their own future
○ German troops to leave Russia
○ Independence for Belgium
○ France to regain Alsace-Lorraine
○ Frontier between Austria & Italy to be adjusted
○ Self-determination for eastern Europe
○ Serbia to have access to the sea
○ Self-determination for people in Turkish empire
○ Poland to be an independent state
es
○ Set up LoN
● Lack of support at home
○ American Senate rejected the 14 points & adopted an
ot
isolationist policy
○ Didn't want to be the world’s policeman
N
● Forced to compromise as others were less idealistic
● Worried about spread of communism if Germany was too weak
SE
David Lloyd ● Wanted Germany to lose its colonies & navies ● Hadn’t suffered as
George (UK) ○ Threatened the British Empire badly as France but the
○ Keep seas free for British navy people suffered greatly
● Didn't want to crush Germany
C
○ Maintain Germany as a trading partner
○ Britain’s 2nd largest trading partner before WW1
IG
○ Trade with Germany = more jobs in Britain
○ British war recovery was dependent of economic revival
of Europe
○ If Germany lost Rhineland, won’t be rich enough to buy
ay
British goods
● Didn't want to Germany to seek revenge
● Didn’t want France to become too powerful; needed a
nj
reasonably strong Germany to keep it in check
● Wanted a barrier against communism
● Faced public pressures in UK for a harsh treaty
Sa
○ Public weren’t sympathetic to Germany
○ Suffered 1 million casualties, food shortages & other
hardships
○ Won 1918 General election by promising to ‘make
a
Germany pay’
○ Promised British public: ‘squeeze the German lemon
ni
until the pips squeak’
So
Georges ● Wanted security & revenge ● Worst experience due
Clemenceau ○ Germany should take sole blame to their neighbouring
(France) ● Safety from future German attacks location
○ Weakening Germany & reducing military strength ○ ⅔ of French
○ High reparations as compensation for infrastructural army was
damage killed/wounded
○ Invaded for the 2nd time in 50 years ○ Population
● Regain territory decreased by
○ Independent Rhineland 40 million
○ Alsace Lorraine & the Saar ○ French
● Franco-Prussian War, 1870s president
○ History of rivalry (Poincaré)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller soniaasanjay. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $20.00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now