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BIOS 251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / BIOS251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE(LATEST)|ALL ANSWERS VERIFIED,100% CORRECT -Chamberlain College of Nursing $19.99   Add to cart

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BIOS 251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / BIOS251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE(LATEST)|ALL ANSWERS VERIFIED,100% CORRECT -Chamberlain College of Nursing

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BIOS 251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / BIOS251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE(LATEST)|ALL ANSWERS VERIFIED,100% CORRECT -Chamberlain College of NursingBIOS 251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / BIOS251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GU...

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  • June 10, 2021
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BIOS 251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE



BIOS 251 A&P 1 Final Study Guide
*Spend extra time on the concepts that are in bold*

Don’t forget to study the list of bones and bone features on the Lab Practicum Study
Guide!

Ch. 1

Homeostasis

• Condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment, and maintained by
regulatory processes.
• Survival of our body cells is dependent on the precise regulation of the chemical
composition of their surrounding fluid
• Internal conditions are in a dynamic equilibrium; set point (like thermostat in house)
• Essential for maintenance of life; death and disease.
Components of the homeostatic control loop (feedback loops)

• Negative Feedback: works to oppose change and brings condition back to a set point o
Stimulus > Controlled Condition (blood pressure) > Receptors (baroreceptors in certain
blood vessels) > Control Center (brain) > Effectors (heart & blood vessels) > Response
(decrease in HR)
• Positive Feedback: works to enhance change and brings condition further away from a
set point (ex. Birth) o Stimulus > Controlled Condition (stretching of cervix) >
Receptors (stretching of cells in cervix) > Control
Center (brain) > Effectors (muscles in wall of uterus) > Response (baby’s body stretches the
cervix more)

Ch. 2




1

, Acids and bases

• Acids: ionize into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and one or more anions (negative
ions)
• Bases: dissociate into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) and one or more cations
(positive ions) and are proton acceptors.

pH scale

• Acidity is lower, alkalinity is higher. Scale is 0-14
• 7 is neutral
• Gastric fluid, hydrochloric acid is 0 and 1
• Over cleaner, sodium hydroxide is 13 and 14
• Blood is just over 7
Ch. 3

Tonicity of solutions and their effect on body cells (hypo-, iso-, hypertonic)

• Tonicity of a solution relates to how the solution influences the shape of body
cells.
• Isotonic solution = RBC maintain normal shape
• Hypotonic solution = RBC hemolyze
• Hypertonic solution = RBC crenate


Osmosis

• Net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high
water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Factors that influence the rate of diffusion across the cell membrane

• steepness of the concentration gradient
• temperature
• mass of diffusing substance
• surface area
• diffusion distance
Where DNA may be found in the cell

• Nucleus
• Sometimes in the mitochondria

2

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