Class notes
Lecture notes Emotion and Cognition
- Course
- Institution
My notes from the lectures of the elective course Emotion and Cognition. I followed the course in block 3 of the 2020/2021 study year.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
hannahr7
Content preview
Emotion & Cognition Lecture 1What are emotions? General agreement on 3 components:
o Phenomenal experience: becoming aware of what you feel
o Physiological pattern: bodily reaction (racing heart, dilated
pupils)
o Verbal or nonverbal expression of emotion
Disagreement of the order of these components
Expressions are distinct states of the mind, innate
Ekman: 6 basic emotional expressions: fear, anger, disgust, joy,
neutral, sadness, surprise
o “Emotions are universal across cultures”
o New Guinea study: pick pictures fitting a story → 6 basic
emotions were recognized universally
Criticism on Ekman’s studies
Russell: “there is low agreement about the classification of
expressions”
o New Guinea study: low ecological validity (very remote place,
maybe they never saw a picture before), only Western facial
expressions
o Low overlap between phenomenal experience and facial
expression
o Arbitrary categorization (6)
o Emotions are not in separate boxes, but dimensional (scale)
Elfenbein & Ambady: “Emotions are universal to a limited degree”
o Different “dialects” in each culture
, o People are better at recognizing emotions in people from
their own group (In-group advantage)
o The in-group advantage can be overcome by exposure to
different groups
Why differences across cultures?
Display rules: inhibit people from showing certain emotions (in
Japan anger is rarely expressed, in the US store workers will
approach you with a big smile)
o Display rules shape emotion: Friesen & Matsumoto, Japanese
and American people watch a stressful film alone vs with
someone else → results: Japanese adapted their expressions
to hide negative emotions, but more likely to express surprise
Emotions are flexible and may not necessarily express
true feelings
Expression based on specific affect program: people from the in-
group know better how to read other in-group members’ emotional
expressions
Culture
Kitayama et al.: Positive emotions are more important for
Americans, in Japan balance is important → positive and negative
emotions are correlated, socially engaging emotions are most
important
Masuda & Nisbett: experiment with pictures, Japanese more
focused on contextual information and relationships than
Americans
o Americans tend to ignore contextual information
o Surrounding people’s emotions influenced Japanese
perceptions about the center person
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hannahr7. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.89. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76449 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now