SOC1502 - Understanding South Africa: Families, Education, Identities And Inequality (SOC1502)
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Summary SOC1502 - Understanding South Africa: Families, Education, Identities And Inequality (SOC1502)
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Course
SOC1502 - Understanding South Africa: Families, Education, Identities And Inequality (SOC1502)
Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Book
SANB
This document contains all the information in UNISA Study Guide for SOC 1502. All the important information is in this document. Each topic is in a different colour and each topic also has its own Table of Contents to make it much easier to find information.
SOC1502 - Understanding South Africa: Families, Education, Identities And Inequality (SOC1502)
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Brief history of SA
Learning Unit 1 p.1
Table of Contents
Evolution of human beings ........................................................................................................ 1
Precolonial history of SA ............................................................................................................ 2
Evolution of human beings
Not easy – tell story:
Idea abused → groups
Clashes literal interpretation of “God”
Common misunderstandings:
Humans & primates share common ancestry Africa
Fossils F IGURE 1LUCY
Knowledge of human evolution = based discoveries of bones preserved for thousands of
years.
Escaped decay (small empty spaces bone became occupied → minerals from ground
water after buried → layers of soil.
All share some human characteristics (hominims).
Geneticists studying biological inheritance of traits’ story similar – one told → fossils.
All early human fossils found eastern & southern Africa (evolved here 1st).
Strc of teeth what ate
Size & shape brain Brain capacity
Dating techniques How old fossils
Homo Erectus F IGURE 2TAUNG CHILD
1st hominims – migrate out Africa.
Sophisticated tool users.
Use of symbols
70 000 years ago
Engravings on ochre only made → people manipulate symbols.
Traces Neanderthal DNA suggest small amount interbreeding modern humans & some
early human species.
1
,Genetics
Genes = biological inheritance of child, characteristics (hair colour, facial features) = passed
on from parents & grandparents – children.
Scientists social environment of child/child’s genetic inheritance from ancestors = most NB
– determine how child turn out later.
Nurture = centre of nature, plays role influencing how genetics impact child.
Genes NB – determine how turn out as adults.
Precolonial history of SA
Black African farmers do metal working (mine & melt iron, copper & gold).
Provided metal tools – cultivate land & weapons – defend themselves.
Gold & copper used as luxury items.
Pottery & farming = more activities.
Knowledge of what happened = result of studies of remains of early settlements →
archaeologists.
Black Africans lived patrilineal & patrilocal societies.
Decent traced male line & women lived with husband’s family when got
married.
Cattle exchanged families as part of marriage.
Age NB distinguishing factor societies.
Younger men dependent older men – negotiate & pay bride wealth.
New wife special duties – mother-in-law & senior wife polygamous
marriages.
Chiefs & kings had great wealth i.t.o. cattle holdings (redistributive
mechanisms catered for less wealthy).
Eastern seaboard of SA very dangerous for ships due – combination of
topography & climate.
2
,Demographic & socioeconomic
indicators
Learning Unit 2 p.16
Table of Contents
2011 Census ............................................................................................. 1
Concepts demography ............................................................................... 1
Puzzles arising form 2011 census: Age distribution of young children .......................... 2
Puzzles arising from 2011 census: increased size of 20 – 29 years cohort 2011 ............. 3
Mortality rates SA .................................................................................... 3
Migration SA .......................................................................................... 3
Levels of education of SA population ................................................................ 3
Rates of unemployment SA ......................................................................... 4
2011 Census
Statistics SA (Stats SA) = Official body collecting info about SA population.
Census every 10 years with intent – count & acquire info about every person resident in
country on particular day.
Population growing rapidly as past due – declining fertility & increased mortality form
HIV & AIDS epidemic.
Not accurate:
counted live security estates (difficult – access).
truthfully answering questions (income)
Undercount = Difference estimated no. & actual no. people counted.
Concepts demography
Concept Definition
Fertility Average no. children born – each
woman population.
Only woman fertility years (15 – 49).
No. measurements of fertility, most
common = TFR (total fertility rate).
Mortality Indication average no. deaths
population.
2 age groups = risk: elderly & very
young.
Migration Permanent change of residence of
person/household.
1
, Demographers only become aware
when person moves over admin
boundary.
Puzzles arising form 2011 census: Age distribution of young
children
Extent of undercount indicates quality issues 2011 census.
3 population/age pyramids of SA population.
FIGURE 2: POPULATION PYRAMID , FIGURE 1: POPULATION PYRAMID ,
CENSUS 1996 CENSUS 2011
FIGURE 3: POPULATION PYRAMID ,
CENSUS 2011
2
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