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Unit 11- psychological perspectives p3,p4,m2,d1
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B: Examine the contribution of psychological perspectives to the management and treatmentof service users’ specific behaviours
Anwar and his family are currently going through a traumatic time in their lives. Anwar belongs to an extended
family. He has 5 brothers and sisters. John is currently 2 years of age, Amina is 4, Rabeeya 7, Craig is 9 and
Fred is 17. Fred and Anwar happen to be twins. Anwar’s mother Rebecca, who has been diagnosed with ongoing
mental health issues, for which she is receiving treatment on the NHS. Sunail, Anwar’s father, has been
diagnosed with hypertension and Type 1 diabetes. Recently however, Fred (remember Fred and Anwar are
twins) has exhibited mood swings and has become withdrawn from the rest of the family and his friends. In
addition and more worryingly he has complained that people are out to get him and he seems to be hearing
voices. Anwar has reluctantly also found part time employment in the local care home which requires him
working alternating shifts. In addition, Anwar wants to improve his life chances further and has enrolled at the
local college. However, due to his families’ circumstances Anwar has ended up retaking his A levels, since he did
not achieve the grades that were required by the University he was applying for. His teachers and members of
his family have advised this might be due to him leading a chaotic lifestyle. However he ignores their advice and
he continues to go out drinking nearly every night with his friends. This results in him often being late for college
because he cannot get up on time. As a result he often misses breakfast and even dinner. He also complains he
is tired all the time. This has further contributed to his poor relationship with his family. He argues all the time with
his parents and then has ended breaking up with his long-time girlfriend. As a result his parents, his family and
his ex-girlfriend tell him constantly that he will amount to nothing if he carries on the way he does.
B.P3 Explain how different factors influence human development and specific behaviours.
There are multiple different factors that influence human development and specific
behaviours.
Firstly, The physical environment an individual lives in has an affect. For example, if a
household is quite crowded. Anwar lives with his parents and his 5 other siblings, this may
mean the environment he lives is always busy and quite chaotic. This may affect his
development because this can cause stress and other physical challenges. This may
contribute to certain mental disorders developing or worsening, for example, depression and
anxiety. This is due to one child getting more attention than another, because there are so
many children in Anwar's family, focus may not be split equally causing negative impacts.
Another physical factor is the structure of the brain. The brain controls aspects such as
memory, sight, hearing and concentration. These aspects can be affected by things such as
illnesses, behavioural conditions and lifestyle. In Anwar's case, he is struggling with
concentrating on his college work. His lifestyle has had an effect on this as he often goes out
drinking the night before college. This will affect his concentration because he will not have
had the proper rest he needs, he would have been drinking and he would not be ready to
spend the day learning. If Anwar is able to stop going out for drinks and to get the proper
rest he needs, he may be able to concentrate and get better grades in college.
Another factor which might affect Anwar and the other children's development is the fact that
both parents have been diagnosed with serious health conditions. Anwar's mother has been
diagnosed with mental health issues and his father with hypertension and type 1 diabetes.
The cause of all these diagnoses may be down to the way that the family has lived. Anwar's
mother may have been exposed to high levels of stress due to taking care of 5 children and
Anwar's dad may have hypertension due to his lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol
consumption and a poor diet. These issues will have a knock on effect on the whole family
as the parents may be suffering individually, meaning they cannot take care of the family
properly.
The way we are treated psychologically and Intellectually has a massive effect on the
way we behave. If an individual is brought up with kindness, firm but fair boundaries and
being allowed to express emotions, they are likely to develop into happy individuals with the
ability to form positive relationships with people. However, if an individual is brought up with
a lack of emotional support and being criticised, they are likely to experience depression and
anxiety in later life. Like mentioned above, Anwar's parents and ex girlfriend constantly
belittle him and tell him he will amount to nothing. This shows that Anwar is not really
receiving support from the people around him. This is likely to give Anwar a negative outlook
on his life and possibly cause mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. It is noted
that Anwar's family may not be as supportive and positive because Anwar's twin Fred is also
, suffering mentally. He is suffering with mood swings and withdrawal from the rest of the
family. He has also reported that he has begun hearing voices. This proves that Anwar is not
solely the reason for his negative thoughts or feelings because another individual in the
household is suffering from mental health problems. However, Fred and Anwar are twins
and genetically, this could be a reason why they are both experiencing negative thoughts
and feelings and perhaps not living life as happily as they could.
Economically, development and behaviour is also influenced because the amount of
money individuals have to spend on their needs and wellbeing will affect them greatly. For
example, if a family has a low income, they may not be able to afford fresh fruit and
vegetables and so they may have a poor diet. Health can also be affected by the
accessibility of health services such as dentists and opticians due to the area that the
individual lives in. Anwar lives in a household with 5 other siblings. Whether his parents
struggle financially or not, this is likely to take effect on the economic well being of each
individual in the house because anything they have needs to be shared amongst 7 people.
Also, we are shaped by the social values, norms and behaviours of the culture and people
were raised around. For example, we may be highly influenced by the religious values of our
family. Another example is the way individuals are brought up emotionally. Some people are
brought up to express their feelings and what is concerning them, whereas others may have
been discouraged to do this. The different ways we have been brought up greatly influences
our development and behaviours. This may relate to Anwar because due to his family's
chaotic circumstances, he had to retake his A-levels so he can achieve the right grades for
university. Anwar himself lives an unorganised lifestyle, but this may be because of how he
feels emotionally. If Anwar was coping well, he may have a better frame of mind when it
comes to important aspects of his life. But because his parents and his ex girlfriend
constantly tell him he will amount to nothing, he will feel unmotivated and less likely to put all
his effort in his A-levels. Due to the arguments Anwar will be having with his parents about
his grades, Fred may also be affected. Fred has stated he is experiencing troubles with his
mental health and is hearing voices. Fred may be struggling because his parents are more
focused on Anwar's failings than on the other children's feelings. Fred may feel unable to
voice his feelings, meaning it is hard for him to be open to begin his recovery.
P4- Explain the contribution of psychological perspectives to the management and treatment
of different service users’ behaviours.
-Management
The contribution of psychological perspectives contribute to the different types of
management there are. There are many different ways to manage certain behaviours that
individuals will use. Some ways will benefit individuals whereas other methods will be better.
It all depends on what behaviours the individual is presenting and what works for them in
terms of coping.
The Behaviorist Theory uses Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as management for
behaviours. Cognitive behavioural Therapy (CBT) was developed by the psychologist Aaron
Beck. He believed that because thoughts influence feelings and behaviours, it is necessary
to identify the negative thoughts and challenge them, to replace them with more rational and
positive thoughts.
This method of management involves one-to-one working with an individual to identify the
negative thoughts and where they are starting. The theory is that replacing negative
thoughts with positive ones will result in a more positive outlook and therefore more positive
behaviours. A method of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy would ask the individual to keep a
diary of their negative thoughts, what caused them, how they behaved and how it could have
been avoided.
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