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Química General - Universidad Nacional de Luján
, ENLACE IÓNICO
NO FORMULA IONES
METALES EJEMPLO P.F. (ºC)
METALES GENERAL PRESENTES
IA + VII A MX (M+; X-) LiBr 547
II A + VII A MX2 (M2+; 2X-) MgCl2 708
III A + VII A MX3 (M3+; X-) GaF3 800 (subl)
IA + VI A M2X (2M+; X-2) Li2O >1700
II A + VI A MX (M2+; X-2) CaO 2680
III A + VI A M2X3 (2M3+; 3X-2) Al2O3 2045
IA + VA M3X (3M+; X-3) Li3N 843
II A + VA M3X2 (3M2+; 2X-3) Ca3P2 1600
III A + VA MX (M3+; X-3) AlP
, Enlace Iónico: Redes cristalinas
• Transferencia completa de electrones desde el átomo
-electronegativo (metal) hacia el + electronegativo (no
metal).
Na+ Cl-
• Formación iones: cationes y aniones que ejercen entre sí
una gran fuerza de atracción electrostática.
• Redes cristalinas iónicas tridimensionales. (alternan los iones para
lograr la máxima atracción entre las cargas de diferente signo y la mínima repulsión
entre las de igual signo. Para ello, adoptan diferentes disposiciones espaciales)
, ENLACE IÓNICO:
PRINCIPALES CARACTERÍSTICAS
• ALTO PUNTO DE FUSIÓN
• ALTO PUNTO DE EBULLICIÓN
• BUENOS CONDUCTORES DE LA ELECTRICIDAD
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