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Summary LIBERALISM TENET EDEXCEL A LEVEL POLITICS
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Summary of 1 pages for the course Unit 3 - Key Themes in Political Analysis at PEARSON (POLITICS)
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Liberalism: FREEDOM TENETSummarise the core beliefs (and the reasons for them) in 3-5 bullet points
Liberals hated how authoritarian government and monarchies had full power so freedom is intimately connected with the law
P246-248
It’s a natural right, role of government is protection of life, liberty and estate and state is need to enforce order and to protect rights
Absolute monarchies are illegitimate and locke argued for a state constructed by social contract where we ae governed by consent, if state broke
contract by not protecting then people could withdraw consent and replace government
State would practice limited movement so the individual could enjoy maximum amount of freedom within legal framework, laissez faire
capitalism
Limited state intervention was necessary to facilitate developmental individualism which would increase capacity to be free
What key thinkers and examples can be used to support this tenet? What are the key What are the key terms within this
John Locke – the state was not created by god nor is Monarchy legitimised by divine right, state is dichotomies within this tenet?
a social contract, principle is consent. Prior to the state, humans were in a state of nature where tenet? Social contract – state based on this
we have natural laws and liberties and rights and. The state of law will resolve disputes more
Negative freedom/liberty – between government and people, gov
equitably than can be achieved within a state of nature but the states involvement should be
limited, state should be limited under principle of constitutionalism. Should be tolerance in a conception of freedom agrees to make itself accountable to
political and religious views. that defines as an absence of people and operate within law while
John Stuart mill – argued for restraint by the state leaving us free providing we don’t harm restraint. Freedom from not people agree to obey laws and uphold
people. Self-regarding actions which don’t impinge should be tolerated and diverse opinions freedom to. Advocates of state security
should be. Individual liberty is. Essential for development of creativity, intellect and culture. negative freedom want Limited government – government
Opposed popular democracy where interests of few could be crushed by majority and he liked freedom from government should be constrained by strong laws
representative democracy so there was a broad consensus for decisions rather than just the
interference and classical and constitution. Classical and neo
majority, said state must intervene to help individuals like education. Saw these as a continuation
of classical and not a contradiction prefer this and minimal liberals believe in this, all branches
JS Mill said freedom is advocating freedom of thought, speech and religion unless this poses a state. support entrenched constitutions and
direct threat then this is negative freedom. People should be free of interference even if this Positive freedom/liberty. – separation of powers to reinforce
means they’re harming themselves e.g. suicide and drugs. A conception of freedom limited gov.
Atomistic freedom – own interests, people succeed or fail on their own efforts and state shouldn’t which sees state playing a Laissaiz faire – role of state within
provide welfare or people will become dependant and this will make society more dynamic as positive role to assist capitalist economy where. Wealth is
people will have to succeed on own merit. Mill changed to a more modern idea when he
individuals toa chieve enhanced if state doesn’t interfere
advocated state should educate like when TH Green argued society was organic and there was
common good and public interest that coexisted with individual interests. dreams and aspirations and with markets, good, services or
Green supported positive freedom that helped reach. Aspirations but state and Rawls argued for develop. State funded labour
a larger role for the state in society and the economy. This enabling state would ensure an education system is an Harm principle- state is justified
individuals life’s chances were not determined by their status at birth, the levels of intervention example, modern libers intervening with individual freedom
would involve more taxation and state spending to ensure equality of opportunity via prefer this and enabling when it’s to prevent citizens harming
developmental individualism state others
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