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Summary Lecture 2 Endothelium, immune cells and atherosclerosis
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This is a summary of lecture 2 endothelium, immune cells and atherosclerosis. With all of my summaries for this course I passed it with an 8!
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Endothelium, immune cells andatherosclerosis (inside of artery narrows
due to build-up of plaque)
Diseases are associated with the
part in the circulation
The heart
Ischemia (heart failures):
insufficient blood flow to the heart
Myocardial infarcation (heart
attack): blood clot in coronary artery
(kransslagader)
The aorta
Aneurysm: weaking of the aorta wall followed by dilation induced by
pressure pulsation that the aorta is exposed to
If this happens in the abdominal part of the aorta: abdominal aortic
aneurysm
Arterioles
Essential hypertension: increases vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Capillaries
Blood flow defect caused by blood clot or rupture of vessels
In the brain: stroke (cerebrovascular accidents)
In the leg muscle; claudication (etalagebenen); pain in leg muscles during
walking
Veins
Haemorrhagic shock: large amount of blood loss
Lungs
Pulmonary hypertension: pressure in the lung artery is increased causing permanent
damage to pulmonary vascular bed and eventually death
Wall of blood vessels
Layered arrangement (tunica/lamina):
Endothelium + blood elastic elements (elastin and
collagen) (protect the vessel and its muscle cells
from pulsation in blood pressure) smooth muscle
(determines the diameter of the vessel) connective tissue
Arteries: endothelium + thick elastic elements and smooth
muscle + connective tissue
Arterioles: endothelium + thinner elastic elements and smooth
muscle + connective tissue
Capillaries: only endothelium
Venules: endothelium + thin smooth muscle + connective
tissue
Veins: endothelium + thin elastic elements and smooth muscle + connective tissue
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