7 pages summary on he topic of Ecology (chapter 4 of the IB Biology SL and HL course). key terms, definitions, key concepts and schematic drawings included.
Species, communities and ecosystems;
Energy Flow;
Carbon recycle;
Climate Change.
Cycle:Producers transform inorganic matter in organic compounds. Con-
sumers transform organic compounds in organic monomers. When con-
sumers die and are digested by decomposers the matter goes back to soil.
Life organization:
1) individual: one organism
2) Population: more individuals of one species living together
3) Community: more populations living in the same place
4) Ecosystem: Biotic (living: animals, plants, ...) and Abiotic (non living:
light, soil, ...) factors within a system
5) Biome: collection of vegetation and wild life and climate in a geograph-
ical area
6) Biosphere: combination of all ecosystems in a planet (Earth)
2 Energy flow
Light →Plant →Herbivore →Carnivore
• Food chain: sequence showing feeding relationships and energy flow
(arrows follow energy flow)
• Trophic level: how many organisms has energy flowed through
At every level 10% energy is passed to the next energy, 90% energy is
lost (at most 4 levels, then no more energy is available to sustain a new
level)
primary producer (100) → primary consumer (10) → secondary consumer
(1) ...
2
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