BIO 221 Q&A Bundle

What are the major functions of the human circulatory system? 1) Transport: (Blood carries solutes through the vessels to the heart which provides pressure to move the blood. 2) Protection: Blood Leukocytes fight disease 3) Regulation: Blood vessels carry heat toward the surface or core (thermoreg...

diverse group of photosynthetic organisms; most are aquatic and autotrophic and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types found in land plants; have chlorophyll as their primary photosynthetic pigment and lack a sterile covering of cells around their reproductive cells algae domain of single-...

Anatomy study of structure Physiology study of functions Gross Anatomy studies the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye. Microscopic Anatomy Examines structures that can't be observed by the unaided eye Comparative Anatomy (Approach) similarities v...

non-polar hydrophobic polar hydrophilic Orbitals regions around the nucleus in which given electron or electron pair is likely to be found electron shells Regions of space that consecutively surround the nucleus of an atom. valence electrons Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom pr...

What is the central dogma? This is how DNA makes copies of itself (replication), is transcribed into mRNA (transcription), and then read and translated into proteins (translation) How does transcription work? - DNA strand splits, exposing the active strand - Complementary mRNA nucleotides line up ...

Cytosol the aqueous part of the cytoplasm in the cell in which various particles and organelles are suspended. Cytoplasm The cytosol and all of the organelles that are suspended within the living cell; excludes nucleus Mitochondria Organelle with the cell that is responsible for cell respiration a...

The energy that is stored in ATP derives from what? Light energy What does photosynthesis involve? Transformation of energy Can other organisms photosynthesize that aren't plants? Yes What do both respiration and photosynthesis use? Electron transport chains Photosynthesis equation 6CO2 + 6H2O ...

What form of energy is light? Electromagnetic energy (or electromagnetic radiation) Electromagnetic spectrum Entire range of radiation is called electromagnetic spectrum Wavelength Distance between crests of waves Photons Discrete particles; not tangible objects, they act like object in that each...

Alan Smith thought he had found the Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS). The protein he studied was a good one for this experiment because... It is a viral protein which is made in the cytoplasm of infected eukaryotic cells, and it needs to be imported into the nucleus in order to perform its function...

Transmembrane potential separate charges across a membrane (charge in vs. out) resting membrane potential charge difference across neuronal membrane, -70mv what causes neuronal RMP? distribution of ions, proteins inside neuron, semipermeable cell membrane distribution of ions increased Na+, Cl-, ...

Plasma Makes up 55% of blood and contains water, proteins, and other small molecules. Formed Elements Cells and cell fragments suspended in the plasma. Difference between plasma and serum Serum is what remains in the blood when it is allowed to clot and all solids are removed. IT IS ESSENTIALLY TH...

bulk transport involves packaging of large molecules exocytosis secretion of large molecules via bulk transport "bulk secretion" endocytosis intake of large molecules via bulk transport "bulk uptake" Primary Active Transport active transport that utilities ATPs directly to move molecules Sec...

In which of the following ways can a viral capsid antigen be displayed on MHC-||? a phagocyte engulfs and digests a cell that has been killed by a virus Which cells below produce type | interferon? cells whose cytoplasmic RLRs encounter double stranded RNA Which of the following is NEVER involved ...

Microorganisms/Microbes Minute living things that individually are usually too small to be observed with the unaided eye 7 types of microorganisms •Bacteria •Archaea •Fungi (yeast and molds) •Protozoa •Microscopic algae •Viruses (non-cellular) •Helminths (worms) Bacteria •Bacterium...