AQA A-Level Biology exclusive package

large molecules often contain carbon. why? they can readily form bonds with other carbon atoms. this forms a 'backbone'. other atoms can then attach. describe benedicts test for reducing sugars add equal volumes of the sugar sample and benedicts reagent. heat the mixture in a water bath for ...

Many different substances enter and leave a cell by crossing its cell surface membrane. Describe how substances can cross a cell surface membrane. (5) 1 (Simple / facilitated) diffusion from high to low concentration / down concentration gradient; 2 Small / non-polar / lipid-soluble molecules ...

Many different substances enter and leave a cell by crossing its cell surface membrane. Describe how substances can cross a cell surface membrane. (5) 1 (Simple / facilitated) diffusion from high to low concentration / down concentration gradient; 2 Small / non-polar / lipid-soluble molecules ...

Name the 11 organelles in an animal cell 1. Cell surface membrane 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4. Lysosome 5. Ribosome 6. Golgi apparatus 7. Mitochondria 8. Nuclear envelope 9, nucleolus 10. Nucleus 11. Cytoplasm Name the 14 organelles in a plant cell 1...

What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because neither one is recessive If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the locus If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at...

What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because neither one is recessive If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the locus If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at...

How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? They all have similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA. What are monomers of carbohydrates called? Monosaccharides. Beta Glucose Alpha glucose Glucose formula C₆H₁₂O₆ Name of the bond between monosaccharides? ...

What is a kinetic response? Non directional random movement in response to a stimulus What is a positive and negative taxis? Positive taxis- organism moves towards stimulus Negative taxis - organism moves away from stimulus What Are receptors? Detect stimuli- can be cells or proteins on cell sur...

What are polymers? Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. What are examples of monomers? *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* What are examples of polymers? *Polysaccharides, polypeptides* and *polynucleotides* What reaction allows two monomers to bond toget...

Examples of polymers Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? Hexose How many types of glucose are there? 2 What are the names of the types of glucose? Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose Structure of Alpha Glucose Structure of Beta Glucose Are the types of glucose...

Dipeptide Two amino acids bonded together via a peptide bond Polypeptide Many amino acids bonded together via peptide bonds Protein A combination of polypeptides Amine Group -NH2, a basic group where the amino part of amino acid comes from

In what ways can variation be caused? It can be caused by genetic factors, such as alleles from mutations. It can also be caused by the environment, such as climate. Most variation is caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors Why is it impossible to study a whole popu...

Enzyme Function Lowers the activation energy for a reaction to start, behaves as a catalyst Enzyme Structure Globular proteins that have a functional region known as an active site Active Site Functional region on an enzyme that is complimentary to substrates Complimentary Of a similar shape ...

Give 2 reasons why in multicellular organisms, diffusion across outer membrane would be too slow? 1. Some cells deep within body- big distance between them and outside 2. Larger animals have low surface area to volume ratio- difficult to exchange enough substances to supply large volume What 2...