2024 EDEXCEL -A-LEVEL -BIOLOGY BUNDLE GRADED A .

Cellular respiration - Answer process by which food is broken down to yield ATP, which is used as a source of energy for metabolic reactions Respiratory substrate - Answer the substance oxidised during cellular respiration Aerobic respiration - Answer cellular respiration that takes plac...

Which stage of aerobic respiration produces 4 molecules of CO2 per glucose? - Answer The Krebs Cycle How is glucose converted into pyruvate in Glycolysis? - Answer Glucose is phosphorylated with ATP and then broken into Gylcerate -3-phosphate. Then it is converted into Pyruvate using NAD prod...

Solvent - Answer Substances dissolve in it e.g. water+++ dipolar - Answer Having a slightly positive charge and negative charge Cohesive - Answer They tend to stick together Cohesion - Answer Attraction between molecules of the same type Which side of the heart carries oxygenated...

Structure and function of plasmids. - Answer - Small short lengthed loops of DNA - contains genes for uses like antibiotic resistance Structure and function of the flagella / flagellum. - Answer - Hollow cylindrical long hair like structures. -This rotates to make prokaryotic cells move. ...

What are carbohydrates made out of? - Answer carbon, hydrogen and oxygen What is a monosaccharide (with examples of 3)? - Answer Carbohydrates with a single sugar unit, such a glucose, fructose and ribose What is a disaccharide (with 3 examples)? - Answer A carbohydrate with two sugar...

Cell theory - Answer States that new cells are formed from existing cells and that the cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms. it is considered a unifying concept in biology Cells, tissues and organs - Answer In complex organisms, cell are o...

What does CFTR protein mean? - Answer Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Concordance Regulator (gated channel protein) What does ENaC stand for? - Answer Epithelial Sodium Ion Channel What happens if there is excess water in an unaffected person's airways? - Answer 1) Excess water detected b...

Add/Label - Answer Requires the addition or labelling to a stimulus material given in the question, for example labelling a diagram or adding units to a table. Assess - Answer Give careful consideration to all the factors or events that apply and identify which are the most important or relev...

What is standard deviation? -Answer a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score What is a serial dilution? -Answer used to obtain a series of solution whose concentrations differ by known amounts Why do we measure initial rate of reaction? -Answer Reaction can ...

1. Investigate the effect of caffeine on heart rate of Daphnia - Topic 1 - Answer Daphnia of same species Placed on microscopic tray in pond water in bits of cotton and allowed to acclimatise for 5 minutes Then BPM counted using tally marks of a sheet of paper for 15 seconds, x4 to give BPM r...

It's dipolar so it's a good solvent. And it has strong hydrogen bonds therefore it's cohesive - Answer Why is water good for transport? Gas exchange doesn't happen efficiently through diffusion so substances need to be transported around the body to organs - Answer Why do multicellular or...

4.1: Explain how the variety of species has generally increased over time. - Answer Variety of life has become more extensive because species adapted to all environments in the world- even extreme habitats. 4.2: Explain the negative impact that some human activities (give 3 examples) have on di...

What type of reactions do organisms need to carry out to survive? - Answer Metabloic Reactions What is a catalyst? - Answer A chemical that speeds up the rate of reaction and remains unchanged and reusable at the end of the reaction What are biological catalysts for metabolic reactions? - ...

What does homeostasis mean? - Answer Maintenance of a state of dynamic equilibrium What does homeostasis control? - Answer Constant internal environment, including constant temperature water potential and pH Why must temperature and pH be regulated? - Answer For optimum enzyme activit...

Population - Answer Group of organisms of the same species in the same habitat at the same time Community - Answer A collection of all organisms of different species in the same place at the same time Ecosystem - Answer The interaction of different communities between each other and t...

Water Potential - Answer Turgor Pressure + Osmotic Potential Diffusion - Answer The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion - Answer Diffusion that takes place through carrier protein...

Prokaryotic cell - Answer Cells that don't have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cell - Answer Cells with linear DNA inside nucleus, mitochondria present, larger ribosomes. Mitochondrion - Answer Inner of its two membranes folded to form finger-like projectio...

Exons - Answer the coding regions of DNA Introns - Answer the large, non-coding regions of DNA that are removed before messenger RNA is translated into proteins DNA (gene) sequencing - Answer the analysis of the individual base sequence along a DNA strand or an individual gene Polymer...

How do you investigate the effect of sucrose concentration on the growth of pollen tubes? - Answer 1. Make up solutions of sucrose between 0.2-2 moldm-3 2. Collect a petri dish for each sucrose concentration and place a moistened filter paper on each 3. Collect one microscope slide per concentra...

What are target cells? - Answer Cells with receptor proteins on their cell surface membrane complimentary to the chemical What are meristems? - Answer Regions of actively dividing cells e.g. roots and shoots What do cytokinins do? - Answer promote cell division of stem and promote growth...

Biosphere -Answer part of the atmosphere and earth inhabited by living organisms Habitat -Answer Set of conditions where an organism lives Population -Answer All the organisms of one species in a habitat Population size/Abundance -Answer The number of individuals of one spec...