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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
[Show more]Anatomy and Physiology
[Show more]A 16 year old girl recently started her periods (almost 5 months). At the end of 
each cycle she experiences mild abdominal pain, slight mood changes, and 
irritability. She is able to function well and her symptoms do not affect her 
activities of daily living or relationship with her family. She h...
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Add to cartA 16 year old girl recently started her periods (almost 5 months). At the end of 
each cycle she experiences mild abdominal pain, slight mood changes, and 
irritability. She is able to function well and her symptoms do not affect her 
activities of daily living or relationship with her family. She h...
peritoneum - ANSWER-lining found on the inside wall of pelvic cavity 
Parietal vs Visceral peritoneum - ANSWER-Parietal: lines walls of cavity 
Visceral: covers viscera (organs) 
1) vesicouterine pouch 
2) Rectouterine pouch 
3) rectovesical pouch - ANSWER-1) fold between bladder and uterus 
2) betw...
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Add to cartperitoneum - ANSWER-lining found on the inside wall of pelvic cavity 
Parietal vs Visceral peritoneum - ANSWER-Parietal: lines walls of cavity 
Visceral: covers viscera (organs) 
1) vesicouterine pouch 
2) Rectouterine pouch 
3) rectovesical pouch - ANSWER-1) fold between bladder and uterus 
2) betw...
What is essential when examining a patient? - ANSWER-their patient history 
What are some aspects of patient history? - ANSWER-- presenting complaint 
- clinic signs/symptoms 
- recent change (ex. diet, travel, routine) 
- current medications 
- previous/current medical conditions 
What are the 13 B...
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Add to cartWhat is essential when examining a patient? - ANSWER-their patient history 
What are some aspects of patient history? - ANSWER-- presenting complaint 
- clinic signs/symptoms 
- recent change (ex. diet, travel, routine) 
- current medications 
- previous/current medical conditions 
What are the 13 B...
42L (60%) 
Body water content 
3.5L 
Blood volume 
3.5L (5%) 
Plasma volume 
14L (20%) 
Extracellular fluid volume 
28L (40%) 
Intracellular fluid volume 
10.5L (15%) 
Interstitial fluid volume 
male : 0.40-0.52 
female : 0.37-0.48 
Hematocrit 
58% : plasma volume 
<
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Add to cart42L (60%) 
Body water content 
3.5L 
Blood volume 
3.5L (5%) 
Plasma volume 
14L (20%) 
Extracellular fluid volume 
28L (40%) 
Intracellular fluid volume 
10.5L (15%) 
Interstitial fluid volume 
male : 0.40-0.52 
female : 0.37-0.48 
Hematocrit 
58% : plasma volume 
<
What is not a reliable source of information to use when looking for scientifically 
accurate information? 
a) A peer-reviewed article from the Proceedings of the National Academy of 
Science 
b) A book by Dr. Seuss found in the pop-culture section of the bookstore 
c) A scientific textbook from a r...
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Add to cartWhat is not a reliable source of information to use when looking for scientifically 
accurate information? 
a) A peer-reviewed article from the Proceedings of the National Academy of 
Science 
b) A book by Dr. Seuss found in the pop-culture section of the bookstore 
c) A scientific textbook from a r...
receptor potentials 
transduction of stimulus energy into graded potentials (receptor potentials) 
the strength of the stimulus determines... 
the amplitude of the graded potential 
the amplitude of the graded potential determines... 
the frequency of action potentials produced 
the frequency of the...
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Add to cartreceptor potentials 
transduction of stimulus energy into graded potentials (receptor potentials) 
the strength of the stimulus determines... 
the amplitude of the graded potential 
the amplitude of the graded potential determines... 
the frequency of action potentials produced 
the frequency of the...
Physio Exam 3 
pericardium - ANSWER-tough membranous sac enclosing the heart 
parietal pericardium - ANSWER-outer layer of the pericardium 
pericardial cavity - ANSWER-contains fluid for the heart to float in, reducing 
friction 
visceral pericardium - ANSWER-membrane on the surface of the heart 
pe...
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Add to cartPhysio Exam 3 
pericardium - ANSWER-tough membranous sac enclosing the heart 
parietal pericardium - ANSWER-outer layer of the pericardium 
pericardial cavity - ANSWER-contains fluid for the heart to float in, reducing 
friction 
visceral pericardium - ANSWER-membrane on the surface of the heart 
pe...
Compare and contrast pos and neg feedback system; give example of each - 
ANSWER-Positive feedback system: the output enhances/amplifies the stimulus; 
example: childbirth - oxytocin is released to stimulate contractions. this release results 
in intensified contractions and continues to do so until...
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Add to cartCompare and contrast pos and neg feedback system; give example of each - 
ANSWER-Positive feedback system: the output enhances/amplifies the stimulus; 
example: childbirth - oxytocin is released to stimulate contractions. this release results 
in intensified contractions and continues to do so until...
abdominal - ANSWER-relating to the abdomen 
abortive therapy - ANSWER-therapy intended to stop the further progress of a disease 
academic pathologists - ANSWER-engage in all areas and the teaching of pathology 
acute disease - ANSWER-disease that occurs suddenly 
ambulatory care - ANSWER-provides c...
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Add to cartabdominal - ANSWER-relating to the abdomen 
abortive therapy - ANSWER-therapy intended to stop the further progress of a disease 
academic pathologists - ANSWER-engage in all areas and the teaching of pathology 
acute disease - ANSWER-disease that occurs suddenly 
ambulatory care - ANSWER-provides c...
What is a biome? - ANSWER-a large naturally occurring community of flora and 
fauna occupying a major habitat. 
What is a Biome composed of? - ANSWER-Plants and animals with similar life 
history and environmental conditions. 
What phrase is often used to describe a Biome/ - ANSWER-Major life zone 
...
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Add to cartWhat is a biome? - ANSWER-a large naturally occurring community of flora and 
fauna occupying a major habitat. 
What is a Biome composed of? - ANSWER-Plants and animals with similar life 
history and environmental conditions. 
What phrase is often used to describe a Biome/ - ANSWER-Major life zone 
...
NEURON - ANSWER-It is a cell. 
NERVES - ANSWER-Aggregation or combination of different axons of the nerve 
that has the same function. 
DENDRITES - ANSWER-Projector of the cell body / soma. 
CELL BODY / SOMA - ANSWER-Maintains the neuron's structure 
CELL BODY / SOMA - ANSWER-Provides energy to dri...
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Add to cartNEURON - ANSWER-It is a cell. 
NERVES - ANSWER-Aggregation or combination of different axons of the nerve 
that has the same function. 
DENDRITES - ANSWER-Projector of the cell body / soma. 
CELL BODY / SOMA - ANSWER-Maintains the neuron's structure 
CELL BODY / SOMA - ANSWER-Provides energy to dri...
abdominal - ANSWER-relating to the abdomen 
abortive therapy - ANSWER-therapy intended to stop the further progress of a disease 
academic pathologists - ANSWER-engage in all areas and the teaching of pathology 
acute disease - ANSWER-disease that occurs suddenly 
ambulatory care - ANSWER-provides c...
Preview 2 out of 11 pages
Add to cartabdominal - ANSWER-relating to the abdomen 
abortive therapy - ANSWER-therapy intended to stop the further progress of a disease 
academic pathologists - ANSWER-engage in all areas and the teaching of pathology 
acute disease - ANSWER-disease that occurs suddenly 
ambulatory care - ANSWER-provides c...
lipid soluble molecules function as? 
transcription factors 
What are examples of lipid-soluble moleculessteroid hormones, thyroid hormones 
lipid soluble moleculesbind to intracellular receptors, can readily pass through cell membrane and help 
regulate gene expression 
hydrophobic 
water soluble m...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartlipid soluble molecules function as? 
transcription factors 
What are examples of lipid-soluble moleculessteroid hormones, thyroid hormones 
lipid soluble moleculesbind to intracellular receptors, can readily pass through cell membrane and help 
regulate gene expression 
hydrophobic 
water soluble m...
lipid soluble molecules function as? 
transcription factors 
What are examples of lipid-soluble moleculessteroid hormones, thyroid hormones 
lipid soluble moleculesbind to intracellular receptors, can readily pass through cell membrane and help 
regulate gene expression 
hydrophobic 
water soluble m...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartlipid soluble molecules function as? 
transcription factors 
What are examples of lipid-soluble moleculessteroid hormones, thyroid hormones 
lipid soluble moleculesbind to intracellular receptors, can readily pass through cell membrane and help 
regulate gene expression 
hydrophobic 
water soluble m...
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - ANSWER-- Functions for the breakdown of food into 
small molecules so it will be absorbed in the blood 
- Digestion occurs as food is broken down both chemically and mechanically 
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - ANSWER-- Include the mouth, most of the 
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small ...
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Add to cartDIGESTIVE SYSTEM - ANSWER-- Functions for the breakdown of food into 
small molecules so it will be absorbed in the blood 
- Digestion occurs as food is broken down both chemically and mechanically 
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - ANSWER-- Include the mouth, most of the 
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small ...
Major Functions of Skeletal Muscle 
Force production for breathing and locomotion 
Force production for postural support 
Heat production during cold stress 
Satellite Cells 
Cells that are initially undifferentiated but activate and divide in response to 
exercise training 
Increases protein synthe...
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Add to cartMajor Functions of Skeletal Muscle 
Force production for breathing and locomotion 
Force production for postural support 
Heat production during cold stress 
Satellite Cells 
Cells that are initially undifferentiated but activate and divide in response to 
exercise training 
Increases protein synthe...
what makes alveoli the ideal blood-gas interface - ANSWER--surface area, lots 
of alveoli 
-think, 1 cell thick 
-makes good for diffusion 
-they also have surfactant 
How do respiratory gasses (O2, CO2) move in the body? Why is this system so 
effective? - ANSWER--in the blood, gets there by pressu...
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Add to cartwhat makes alveoli the ideal blood-gas interface - ANSWER--surface area, lots 
of alveoli 
-think, 1 cell thick 
-makes good for diffusion 
-they also have surfactant 
How do respiratory gasses (O2, CO2) move in the body? Why is this system so 
effective? - ANSWER--in the blood, gets there by pressu...
Thrombin is an enzyme needing calcium as a cofactor to convert fibrinogen into 
fibrin threads - ANSWER-True 
Graded skeletal muscle contractions is due to differing numbers of 
simultaneously active motor units - ANSWER-True 
Since fenestrated capillaries, are the most porous, they are found abunda...
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Add to cartThrombin is an enzyme needing calcium as a cofactor to convert fibrinogen into 
fibrin threads - ANSWER-True 
Graded skeletal muscle contractions is due to differing numbers of 
simultaneously active motor units - ANSWER-True 
Since fenestrated capillaries, are the most porous, they are found abunda...
What is a neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER-Junction between motor neuron 
and muscle fiber 
What is a motor unit? - ANSWER-Motor neuron and all fibers it innervates 
What is a motor end plate? - ANSWER-Pocket formed around motor neuron by 
sarcolemma 
What is a neuromuscular cleft? - ANSWER-Short ga...
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Add to cartWhat is a neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER-Junction between motor neuron 
and muscle fiber 
What is a motor unit? - ANSWER-Motor neuron and all fibers it innervates 
What is a motor end plate? - ANSWER-Pocket formed around motor neuron by 
sarcolemma 
What is a neuromuscular cleft? - ANSWER-Short ga...
How big is a typical human cell and can you see it with the naked eye? - 
ANSWER-10 um and no 
Why is a cell roughly 10 um? - ANSWER-This size allows the cell to effectively 
communicate with its environment through its plasma membrane. 
What would happen if a cell got bigger than 10um? - ANSWER-cel...
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Add to cartHow big is a typical human cell and can you see it with the naked eye? - 
ANSWER-10 um and no 
Why is a cell roughly 10 um? - ANSWER-This size allows the cell to effectively 
communicate with its environment through its plasma membrane. 
What would happen if a cell got bigger than 10um? - ANSWER-cel...
Bone - ANSWER-One of hardest connective tissues when fully developed 
It's a mineralised tissue 
30% organic material 
45% inorganic material 
What's bone composed of - ANSWER-Living cells embedded in a mineralised 
extracellular matrix 
What does hydroxyapatite do - ANSWER-Provide strength 
What...
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Add to cartBone - ANSWER-One of hardest connective tissues when fully developed 
It's a mineralised tissue 
30% organic material 
45% inorganic material 
What's bone composed of - ANSWER-Living cells embedded in a mineralised 
extracellular matrix 
What does hydroxyapatite do - ANSWER-Provide strength 
What...
Name the two parts of the brainstem (not specific groups of neurons) important 
for autonomic control of respiration 
Medulla and Pons 
Describe any two of the parts of the brain or sensory receptors that send input 
into these parts of the brainstem, and what kinds of information they carry (i.e. 
...
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Add to cartName the two parts of the brainstem (not specific groups of neurons) important 
for autonomic control of respiration 
Medulla and Pons 
Describe any two of the parts of the brain or sensory receptors that send input 
into these parts of the brainstem, and what kinds of information they carry (i.e. 
...
a shallow groove on the surface of the brain - ANSWER-Sulcus 
a deep, narrow cleft separating body parts - ANSWER-Fissure 
the deep groove that divides the brain into right and left halves - 
ANSWER-Longitudinal Fissure 
the groove that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe - 
ANSWER-Cen...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to carta shallow groove on the surface of the brain - ANSWER-Sulcus 
a deep, narrow cleft separating body parts - ANSWER-Fissure 
the deep groove that divides the brain into right and left halves - 
ANSWER-Longitudinal Fissure 
the groove that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe - 
ANSWER-Cen...
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