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CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS STUDY NOTES
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) • Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) • Liver Function Tests (LFT) • Full Blood Count (FBC) • Renal Function Tests
[Show more]• Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) • Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) • Liver Function Tests (LFT) • Full Blood Count (FBC) • Renal Function Tests
[Show more]ECG 
 History of the ECG. 
 Orientation of leads 
 Information obtained from an ECG 
 ECG paper 
 Anatomy of the heart 
 ECG interpretation 
1. History 
 
The ECG has been in use for over a century. A British physiologist, Augustus Waller, performed the first ECG 
recording in ...
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Add to cartECG 
 History of the ECG. 
 Orientation of leads 
 Information obtained from an ECG 
 ECG paper 
 Anatomy of the heart 
 ECG interpretation 
1. History 
 
The ECG has been in use for over a century. A British physiologist, Augustus Waller, performed the first ECG 
recording in ...
DAILY ACID PRODUCTION 
We produce 80 mmol H+ ions per day, which require to be buffered & excreted to maintain 
acid:base balance. A small proportion of these H+ ions are derived from our daily intake of 
ingested acids (mainly from meat and fish); the majority are produced as by- or end-products ...
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Add to cartDAILY ACID PRODUCTION 
We produce 80 mmol H+ ions per day, which require to be buffered & excreted to maintain 
acid:base balance. A small proportion of these H+ ions are derived from our daily intake of 
ingested acids (mainly from meat and fish); the majority are produced as by- or end-products ...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartPulmonary Function Tests Study Notes
Important 
List less common secondary (possibly modifiable) causes of hyperlipidaemia: nephrotic 
syndrome, drugs (thiazides, oestrogens, glucocorticoids), cholestatic jaundice. 
Understand other acute phase reactants: fibrinogen, prothrombin, haptoglobin, factor VIII, 
platelets, lipoprotein a, c...
Preview 4 out of 38 pages
Add to cartImportant 
List less common secondary (possibly modifiable) causes of hyperlipidaemia: nephrotic 
syndrome, drugs (thiazides, oestrogens, glucocorticoids), cholestatic jaundice. 
Understand other acute phase reactants: fibrinogen, prothrombin, haptoglobin, factor VIII, 
platelets, lipoprotein a, c...
The Full Blood Count (FBC) and Haematology Study Notes
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Add to cartThe Full Blood Count (FBC) and Haematology Study Notes
FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY 
1.Excretion of metabolic waste products e.g. urea and creatinine and drugs 
2.Acid:base balance 
3.Maintenance of normal electrolyte levels 
4.Endocrine function – erythropoietin production 
5.Hydroxylation of Vitamin D to its active form 
6.Maintenance of stable blood pre...
Preview 4 out of 34 pages
Add to cartFUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY 
1.Excretion of metabolic waste products e.g. urea and creatinine and drugs 
2.Acid:base balance 
3.Maintenance of normal electrolyte levels 
4.Endocrine function – erythropoietin production 
5.Hydroxylation of Vitamin D to its active form 
6.Maintenance of stable blood pre...
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