Medical Immunology /Medical Microbiology Bundle Set

Immunology - Answer study of physiological mechanism humans and other animals use to defend their bodies from invasion by other organisms Immune - Answer originally used to describe those who had survived a disease and did not suffer from it when faced with it again Infectious disease - An...

extracellular pathogens - Answer grow outside cells in blood, tissue fluids eg fungi and parasites intracellular pathogens - Answer pathogens that are able to grow and reproduce within eukaryotic host cells innate immune system - Answer non specific germline myeloid and lymphoid i...

What are in vitro tests used for? - Answer Basic principles of tests used by scientists / physicians to study the immune system and responses to disease What is serology? - Answer - Study of in vitro interactions with serum (clotted blood and serous fluid is further analyzed) - Plasma is blo...

Central tolerance - Answer cells that bind to "self" cells are eliminated in bone marrow negative selection - Answer •Removes autoreactive lymphs from the: •Thymus - T cells •Bone Marrow- B cells tolerogen - Answer ◦Antigens that stimulate tolerance instead of an immune respo...

Antigen - Answer A molecule that can bind to an antibody or T cell receptor. Cytokine - Answer A molecule, usually a protein, that binds to receptors on immune cells to regulate their activities. Chemokine - Answer A cytokine that stimulates leukocyte chemotaxis. Chemotaxis - Answer ...

primary response time frame (lag after immunization)? - Answer 5-10 days Secondary Response time frame (Lag after immunization)? - Answer 1-3 days What happens with T Cells with the receptor CD40L? - Answer can provide signals to B cells that induce proliferation, immunoglobulin class sw...

pathogen - Answer a _____ can cause disease only if it can: gain access to the body, attach itself to host cells, and evade the host defense systems innate - Answer in born, native, inherent; common to all individuals in a species adaptive - Answer acquired, flexible and adaptable; speci...

Expansion of an antigen-specific response occurs - Answer in several functionally distinct phases , six to be exact Phase I in the development of B cells - Answer Called Repertoire assembly and is charatcerized by the generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in the bone m...

What is the definition of a hapten? - Answer A small molecule that can only elict an immune response when conjugated to a large carrier molecule True or False. T cells can recognize both linear (continuous) and conformational (discontinous) epitopes. - Answer False; T cells can only recognize...

Diagnostic cycle - Answer focus is that it begins with physician consultation with patient some organisms are very easily identified via microscopy, can be important in early diagnosis →i.e. meningitis How bacteria are identified - Answer microscopic characteristics colonial characte...

Innate Immunity - Answer -inborn set of pre-existing defenses (skin, mucous membranes, secretions) -not specific but fast!!! -host's early warning system against pathogens -send out signals (cytokines) to start the process of acquired immunity acquired immunity - Answer response to spec...