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NURS 251 MODULE 1 EXAM 2023 NURS 251 Module 1 Module 1 1.1 : An Introduction to Pharmacology Concepts Pharmacology is the study or science of drugs. What is a drug? A drug is any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism. Commonly, the term drug refers to any medication that is used for diagnosing, curing, or treating disease. Drug Effects Drugs have many different effects on the body including the following: (1) therapeutic effects, (2)side effects, (3) adve...

Module 3 3.1: Introduction to Cardiology Taking a Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the pressure exerted against the walls of blood vessels as blood circulates through the body. Blood pressure is measured using an instrument called a sphygmomanometer, perhaps more commonly known as the blood pressure cuff. The pressures associated are measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mm/Hg). The health care provider inflates a blood pressure cuff in order to cut off the blood flow from the br...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 9 Question 1 Multiple Choice If a patient is taking exogenous forms of corticosteroid hormones, what would their labs show? You Answered High levels of ACTH Correct Answer Low levels of ACTH Hyperkalemia None of the above Question 2 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: Correct! Hypoglycemia Mood changes Muscle weakness Amenorrhea Question 3 5 / 5 pts Multipl...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 8 Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: The kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. The sympathetic nervous system can supersede the renal autoregulatory system. Correct! The RAA responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits. The RAA responds when blood pressure drops below normal limit...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 7 Question 1 5 / 5 pts Multiple choice The liver is responsible for each of the following EXCEPT: Producing bile Stores vitamins and minerals Correct! Releases insulin Synthesizes protein Question 2 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Complications of gallstones include each of the following EXCEPT: Correct! Cirrhosis Biliary obstruction Pancreatitis Cholecystitis Question 3 5 / 5 pts Multiple choice: Treatments for gastroesop...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 6 Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: A patient has experienced a seizure affecting the left temporal lobe. The family reports that the patient exhibited repetitive lip smacking and hand rubbing followed by a period of great fear and insecurity. They have experienced which type of seizure? Focal seizure without impairment of consciousness or awareness Correct! Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness or awareness Gene...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 5 Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Both carbon dioxide and oxygen are able to bind with hemoglobin. Correct! True False Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Exercise, allergens, and emotion can all contribute to an asthma attack. Correct! True False Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 pts The breathing rate is determined by input from that monitor oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels in the blood. Your Answer: chemorecpetors che...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 Module 3 Exam Question 1 5 / 5 pts Short answer Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders. Your Answer: Diagnosing is made by history, physical, and serological findings. Since some blood tests are more generic, results can be imprecise. Markers can be elevated in the presence of other diseases.Criteria for diagnosis: Evidence of an autoimmune reaction, immunological findings are not second to other conditions, and no oth...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 Module 2 Exam Question 1 3 / 3 pts True/False: Blood tests for tumor markers are the single best screening tool for cancer. Why or why not? Your Answer: False. Tumor markers, which can be used for establishig prognosis, monitoring treatment and detecting recurrent disease, have limitiations. Under benign situations, tumor markers can still be elevated. Whereas in early stages of malignancy, not elevated. They have a lack of specificity an...

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 Module 1 Exam Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: A bodybuilder’s muscles will display hyperplasia. True Correct! False It will display hypertrophy. Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia. True Correct! False It’s metaplasia. Question 3 0 / 2.5 pts True/False: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells You Answered ...