Pcb 3023 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

formation of macromolecules by condensation reactions - subunits are added to one end of a growing chain by dehydration synthesis What Constrains the size of a cell? - The ratio of surface area to volume. Smaller cells have a greater surface area to volume ratio. Miller-Urey experiment - recreated conditions thought to exist in the atmosphere of primitive earth. No Oxygen! Used heat to simulate sun, electric discharge to simulate lightning, and cooling to condense molecules to liquid form...

Composition of Lipid Bilayer - 50% lipids (outnumber all other molecules 50:1), proteins (50% of mass of membranes), cholesterol Plasma Membrane (Function) - Enclose Cells, Organelles 1. Defines Boundaries to regulate chemical composition and environment 2. Define malleable borders Saturated - Single Bonded Unsaturated - Double Bonded Fatty Acids - Monomers for Lipids Function of Lipids - 1. energy storage 2. cell membranes Why Do Mitochondria have a double membrane? - Prehistoric cell...

Which of the following interactions are generally considered to be unfavorable? - Interaction between Arg and Lys side chains at a pH of 7, assuming standard pKa values for Arg and Lys Proteins can be denatured by a) Changing temperature b) Adding urea to solution c) Changing solvent d) all choices are correct - All choices are correct If PAGE is carried out after subjecting the sample to SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol, then proteins will be separated on the basis of - Mass Which is the most...

Why would covalent bonds break in water? Why can they? - Because more stable or energetically favored bonds could be formed. They can break because the loss of energy by breaking hydrogen bonds in compensated for in the formation of new covalent bonds. Limitation to eukaryotic cells and photosynthesis - The sea slugs that live in symbiotic relationships with cyanobacteria or algae. The algae is not broken down or digested and absorbed into the slug's body. There is then a horizontal gene t...

Heterochromatin - Regions in chromosome where fibers are highly condensed Few genes - resistant to transcription by not completely exempt Concentrated in centromeres and telomeres What is a simple genome and which type of cell has one? - Codes for fewer proteins then a complex genome, prokaryotes Plant cell walls were.... - Reacquired after eukaryotes lost cell walls when they diverged from prokaryotes Genes - Regions of DNA transcribed into any type of RNA What are RNPs? Examples - Ribo...

common characteristics of cytoskeletal filaments - 1. They are dynamic and adaptable 2. They can form stable structures 3. Assemble from small subunits movements exhibited by lipids in membranes - 1. lateral diffusion 2. trasverse fluctuation 3. rotation 4. flexion 5. flip-flop where can cell membranes be found? - 1. enclosing the cell 2. enclosing the organalles why does the mitochondria has two membranes? - to increase the surface area inside membrane functions - 1. define boundarie...

eukaryotic cell types - animal - - nucleus - linear nuclear chromosomes - mitochondria - centrioles -- microtubule organizing center - no cell wall or capsule endosymbiosis - mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotes that entered eukaryotic cells and became specialized to perform specific cellular instructions evidence for endosymbiosis - - organelles contain their own DNA (organelle genomes - organelles resemble present day prokaryotes - organelle genomic sequences resemble those...

PCB 3023 Exam 3 Review with complete solutions What do leading and lagging strands need during DNA replication? - ANSWER-RNA primer What is the Ori site rich in? - ANSWER-A-T base pairs What is a front-runner of replisome that moves ahead of proteins? - ANSWER-Helicase What is the RNA polymerase used during DNA replication? - ANSWER-Primase What remove or replaces RNA primers with DNA and seals it? - ANSWER-Nuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase What breaks H-bonds between ...

alternative splicing - - Splicing of introns in a pre-mRNA that occurs in different ways - leads to different mRNAs that code for different proteins - Increases the diversity of proteins. dna transcription vs replication - - replication synthesizes new (daughter) DNA - transcription of DNA forms RNA does the structure of the DNA (nucleosomes) impact the ability of the RNA polymerase to transcribe genes? - - yes - tightly bound nucleosomes, it's harder to get to the DNA so there is less e...