Clonal selection - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

NBME PATHOLOGY EXAM WITH LATEST VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ Apoptosis: - ANS-Programmed cell death. REQUIRES ATP. Can occur via the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, both of which involve activation of cytosolic caspases which mediate cellular breakdown. ***Unlike necrosis, apoptosis does not involve significant inflammation. Involves eosinophilic cytoplasm, cell shrinkage, pyknosis and basophilia, membrane blebbing and karyorrhexis, and formation of apoptot...

Where do all of the lymph channels end up? - Answerthe right lymphatic duct which returns it to the right subclavian vein What is non-specific immunity? What is an example? - Answerprotection over everything regardless of pathogen ie) skin, stomach acid What is specific immunity? - Answerprior exposure (artifically or passively) to a pathogen/antigen to produce antibodies to go after it What is clonal selection? - Answerit is the selection of b cells that will be cloned into plasma cel...

BIOL 235 Human Anatomy and Physiology Assignment 3 Questions and correct Answers (Correctly Explained). 1. Some patients who suffer from hypertension (high blood pressure) are prescribed medications that are in the category of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Explain why these drugs are used to combat hypertension. When blood volume falls or blood flow to the kidneys decreases, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin into the bloodstream. In sequence, renin and ang...

What is the specific/adaptive immunity? ~~> induced by exposure to an infection, very specific and has memory Describe the receptors in the specific immune response ~~> clonaly distributed, a large repitoire at a low frequency What is clonal selection? ~~> during development, cells recognising self material are destroyed leaving only those recognising non-self Whats the role of clonal selection? ~~> reduces the repertoire leaving a pool of mature naive lymphocytes which ca...

What are the 4 sources of infection? ~~> Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites What does the immune system need to be able to do for an effective immune response? ~~> 1- Be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism 2- Not over react to benign or self 3- Be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different pathogens approximately how many bacteria are their and how many are named? ~~> 10^9 bacteria and 30000 named What is specific/adaptive immunity? ~...

WSET Level 3 UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers Cutting - Correct Answer- Section of a vine shoot that is planted and then grows as a new plant Vitis vinifera - Correct Answer- Main Eurasian species Clonal selection - Correct Answer- Vines with positive mutations are selected for further propagation by cutting or layering, so that the positive characteristics of these vines can be carried forward in new plantings

Immunology- Block 1 Exam Questions With Answers Pattern Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) molecules shared by groups of related microbes that are essential for the survival of those organisms Ligand any molecule or atom which binds reversibly to a protein Epitope smallest molecular structure recognized by a specific receptor Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, B Cells What are the professional APCs? Peripheral Tolerance of T Cells Auto reactive lymphocytes are kept anergi...

Wset level 3 questions and answers already passed 4. / Name 2 most important species of vine Vitis vinifera - eurasian American vines 4. / Disadvantage & Advantage of american vines ? Unattractive flavour of the wines But resistant to phylloxera - used for rootstocks 4. / What is phylloxera ? Vine pest (insect) that attacks vine's root Native from north america 4. / When was phylloxera introduced in europe ? End of 19th century 4. / How phylloxera destroy the vines ? Infection enter through...

What is a pathogen? ~~> A microorganism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite For an effective immune response the immune system must... ~~> - be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism - not over react to benign or self - be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different pathogens What is specific/adaptive immunity? ~~> - it is induced by exposure to a particular infection - shows a high degree of specificity - exhib...

ADVANCED PLACEMENT (AP) BIOLOGY: Immune System 39 Questions Correctly Answered | 100% Rated Question 1 Which of the following cells would not be part of the immune response when a pathogen is encountered by the body for the first time? Possible Answers: Macrophages Neutrophils T-cells Monocytes Correct answer: T-cells Question 2 Maternal immunity to some antigens may be conveyed in-utero. This is an example of which type of immunity? Possible Answers: Artificial active im...

MIC 205 FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS If you stepped on a rusty nail, which bacteria would most likely be the cause? - correct answer Tetanus, botulism Put these events in correct order for humoral immunity 1. clonal selection 2. formation of memory B cells 3. B cell activation 4. formation of plasma B cells 5. immunological memory - correct answer 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 DiGeorge Syndrom causes... - correct answer T cell deficiency and hypocalcemia What age do you have the...