Aperçu 3 sur 3 Fiches de révision
PYC2603
Adulthood and Maturity: Examination Preparation 2015
Assignment 1 
Question 1
Primary aging refers to typical ageing, especially gradual physical deterioration; secondary aging refers to physical deterioration accelerated by disease or an unhealthy lifestyle, and tertiary aging refers to terminal decline that occurs in the period shortly before death.
see TUT 201/1/2015
PYC2603
Adulthood and Maturity: Examination Preparation 2015
Assignment 1 
Question 1
Primary aging...
•	Primary ageing is caused by genetic aspects. It is inevitable and a natural progression of the life cycle.
•	Secondary aging is not a universal part of ageing and, in most cases it is preventable. It is physical decline caused by diseases such as Parkinson’s. Another cause of secondary aging is unhealthy lifestyle choices, i.e. alcoholism. 
•	Tertiary ageing is not directly related to a person’s age. It refers to the rapid decline in cognitive and physical abilities of a person in the period just before their death. The term “terminal decline” is associated with tertiary ageing.
see Louw & Louw, 2009, p6

PYC2603
Adulthood and Maturity: Examination Preparation 2015
Assignment 1 
Question 2
Andy is 45 years old, still lives with his parents, presumably because he is unable to maintain long-lasting relationships and cannot hold down a job. Andy probably has a much younger psychological age than his peers.
•	Andy struggles to adjust to his environment and cope with related challenges as compared to his peer group
see TUT 201/1/2015

PYC2603
Adulthood and Maturity: Examination Preparation 2015
Assignment 1 
Question 2
Andy is 45 ye...
NOTES:
Chronological age 
How old a person is based on the date of birth
Psychological age 
A person’s emotional and mental age graded by the way they interact with people, react to situations and cope with life’s challenges.
Social age 
Synonym: cultural age. 
It is a relational age based on race, ethnicity, cultural and gender roles imposed by society. 
Biological age 
It refers to the physical condition of a person’s body as compared to their peers. It involves health and fitness
Functional age 
It is a term used to describe the blending of psychological age, social age and biological age to determine a person’s ability to function within their environment.
see Louw & Louw, 2009, p5-6
PYC2603
Adulthood and Maturity: Examination Preparation 2015
Assignment 1 
Question 3
Developmental influences resulting from biological, psychological and socio-cultural forces and which are usually associated with chronological age are referred to as normative age-graded influences; whilst random or rare events that may influence a specific individual, but are not experienced by most people, are referred to as non-normative influences.
see TUT 201/1/2015
PYC2603
Adulthood and Maturity: Examination Preparation 2015
Assignment 1 
Question 3
Developmental...
•	Normative (remember normal) age-graded influences result from biological, psychological and socio-cultural influences which are normally associated with chronological age
•	Non-Normative (remember nor normal) influences are random or rare events that are not experienced by most people
NOTES:
THE FORCES & INFLUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT
Biological forces
It concerns the mental as well as the bodily changes a person undergoes that influence a person’s development. Such changes could result because of a change in physical appearance, or it could be because of changing internal bodily functions.
Psychological forces 
It is the forces that contribute to person’s unique character development influenced by their cognitive abilities, emotional intelligence and personality traits. During the aging process there could either be a growth or decline of some characteristics whilst others could remain unchanged.
Socio-cultural forces
This umbrella term refers to the integrated interpersonal, societal and cultural influences that provide a general context in which people develop.
Life-cycle forces
It is a combination of biological, psychological and socio-cultural influences that impacts a person’s development. It could harness a positive or a negative effect on a person’s life. It happens to people at varying intervals of their lives
see Louw & Louw, 2009, p18