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Hypertonic/Hypotonic/Isotonic Solutions With Questions And Answers 2024 Update Latest Test When the cell presents with the same concentration on the inside and outside with no shifting of fluids this is called? - ANSWER>>>Isotonic Which of the following is not a hypertonic fluid? 3% Saline D5W 10% Dextrose in Water (D10W) 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's - ANSWER>>>D5W What type of fluid would a patient with severe hyponatremia most likely be started on? Hypo...

DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES Overview By: Nyagah J.M. Msc. (Hons), H.S.M. SURGICAL ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

Aim and audience This module provides a common starting point for understanding and discussing disasters, disaster management, and disaster preparedness as part of a National Society's mission, and discusses the potential scope of disaster preparedness measures. This module is appropriate for anyone who has general responsibilities for disaster management and programme implementation. Non-technical personnel interested in acquiring a better understanding of disaster preparedness a...

Chapter 1 Introduction The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a world leader in disaster management. Effective preparedness for and response to emergency situations are fundamental elements of its mandate, and support the fulfilment of basic human rights and respect for humanity. The Movement’s comparative advantages are its large number of paid and volunteer staff throughout the world, who are able to respond immediately at local level, and the significant resources of...

DIFFUSION POTENTIAL, RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND ACTION POTENTIAL A.N Malik Ion channels • They are integral proteins that permit passage of specific ions • Properties of ion channels • Selective: allow passage of ions of specific sizes or charge e.g. a sodium channel for only sodium ions…chloride ions wont pass • Exist in open or closed state: Open state when ions are passing through while closed state when no ions are passion thro • Conductance/permeability: proba...

DIFFERENT ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION GROUP 1 EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION 1. Subcutaneous 2. Intrathecal 3. Transdermal 4. Intra-arterial 5. Per-vaginal 6. Oral route 7. Sublingual 8. Parectal 9. Intravenous 10. Intramuscular 11. Intradermal 12. Transnasal 13. Inhaled medication 14. Intraosseous 15. Topica ORAL ROUTE • This is the route of drug administration that involves uptake of drug drug through the oral cavity. ADVANTAGES 1. Its cheap method...

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I. Preamble 1. The World Conference on Disaster Reduction was held from 18 to 22 January 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, and adopted the present Framework for Action : Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as the “Framework for Action”). The Conference provided a unique opportunity to promote a strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities1 and risks to hazards.2 It underscored the need for, and identified ways of,...

Public health issues in disasters Eric K. Noji, MD, MPH T hroughout history, natural disasters have exacted a heavy toll of death and suffering (1). Most recently, the Bam earthquake in Iran resulted in thousands of deaths, injuries, and homelessness (2) (Table 1). The problem has not improved much despite much attention by the international scientific community (3). Global climate change brings the potential for severe weather events and flooding, and the introduction of tropical ...

DIABETES MELLITUS  Definition.  What is Diabetes? Either inability of the pancreas to secrete any or insufficient insulin.  OR a metabolic disorder characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin.  This results in the lack of insulin, and hence high blood sugar which affects other metabolic processes in the body. Symptoms of DM 2 What is Diabetes Mellitus • A metabolic disease characterized by • Hyperglycemia • altered metabolism of lipid, CHO & Pr...