Chm 2210 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

The most characteristic reaction if alkenes is the addition to the carbon-carbon double bond where the pi bond is replaced by two sigma bonds to two new atoms or atom groups in a reaction that occurs in multiple steps, each step has its own ___ and __. activation energy transition state what is a reactive intermediate? a high-energy species that occurs between two successive reaction steps that has the lowest energy between the two transition states three most common reactive intermed...

What is nucleophilic substitution?replacing a leaving group (halogen) w/ a nucleophile what is beta-eliminationa halogen and hydrogen are removed and a pi bond is formed rate the alkyl halides from most to least reactiveRI > RBr > RCl >> RF what is a protic solventhas hydrogen bonding list aprotic solventsDMSO DMF acetone acetonitrile THF

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Topic: Atomic Orbitals 1. In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane) is: A) a place where Ψ is negative. B) a place where Ψ is positive. C) a place where Ψ = 0. D) a place where Ψ2 is large. E) a place where Ψ2 is negative. Ans: C Topic: Atomic Orbitals, Molecular Orbitals 2. When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule, how many molecular orbitals are formed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans: B Topic: A...

SI Chapter 9 Handout Differentiating and Counting Signals Classify the relationship between HA and HB in each molecule below as homotopic, heterotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic. (Hint: Some examples may fit multiple definitions) How many proton signals would you see for each of the molecules below? How many carbon signals would you see?

Alcohol 1. NaH ----------> 2. Ch3Brmakes an ether by adding the alkane to O **Maintain same stereochem Alcohol H2SO4 ------> heatForms a pi bond at the carbocation **Consider shifts

SI Chapter 7 Handout Answer Sheet Alkene Stability and E/Z Nomenclature Rank the following alkenes in order of stability. 6 > 4 > 3 > 1 > 2 > 7 > 5 How are the following molecules related? Prove it using the E/Z nomenclature. These molecules are a pair of diastereomers. Assign E/Z to each of the following molecules. Assign E/Z to the following molecules. Name each of the following molecules using IUPAC nomenclature. Elimination Reactions Complete the general reaction ...

SI Chapter 4 Handout IUPAC Nomenclature Fill in the table below with the proper prefix for each given number of carbons: 1 carbon 2 carbon s 3 carbon s 4 carbon s 5 carbon s 6 carbon s 7 carbon s 8 carbon s 9 carbon s 10 carbon s What prefix would you add if the carbon chain were cyclic? Fill in the table below with the proper suffix for a carbon chain which falls into the indicated category: Contains only single bonds Contains double bond Contains triple bond...

SI Chapter 3 Handout Answer Sheet Lewis Acids and Bases vs Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Complete the acid and base definitions below by filling in the term “acceptor” or “donator” as applicable. Then answer the true or false questions. Lewis Definition Acid: Electron acceptor Base: Electron donator (T/F) All Bronsted acids are Lewis acids. (T/F) All Lewis acids are Bronsted acids. Label each of the following molecules as either a Lewis acid or a Lewis base. Acid-Base Curved A...

SI Chapter 1 Handout Answer Sheet Bonding and Structures How many carbons (C) and hydrogens (H) are in each of the following molecules? Draw each of the following molecules using bond-line formula:

SN2 vs SN1 vs E2 vs E1 Reaction Examples Primary Substrate with Strong Nuc / Strong Base: Primary Substrate with Strong Nuc / Weak Base: Primary Substrate with Weak Nuc / Strong Base: Primary Substrate with Weak Nuc / Weak Base: