Biology 1404 exam - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages - transcription - translation -Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA - produces messenger RNA (mRNA) -Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA -Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation -Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) -Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...

The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? - -degeneracy -How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? - -36 -Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology? - -Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA. -Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription? - -σ -The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because ________. ...

A nucleosome is formed by - -the winding of DNA around histone proteins -Fertilization results in - -a zygote, a diploid cell, and a cell with new genetic combinations -Adenylyl cyclase uses ___ as a substrate to synthesize ___ - -ATP; cAMP -Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? - -telophase -Activated steroid hormone receptors are also - -transcription factors -Which of the following chemical signaling ...

Allele - -gene variations that arise by mutation and exist at the same relative locations on homologous chromosomes -Autosomes - -Any of the non-sex chromosomes -Blending Theory of Inheritance - -hypothetical inheritance pattern in which parental traits are blended together in the offspring to produce an intermediate physical appearance -Codominance - -in a heterozygote, complete and simultaneous expression of both alleles for the same characteristic -continuous variation - -inherita...

what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. -in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U -in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big -the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ...

acetyl CoA - -Is formed when pyruvate first enters into the mitochondria via active transport. -aerobic respiration - -Respiration that requires oxygen -anaerobic - -Process that does not require oxygen -anaerobic cellular respiration - -the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen -ATP synthase - -Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP -chemiosmosis - -the use of energy in a H+ g...

Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages - transcription - translation -Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA - produces messenger RNA (mRNA) -Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA -Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation -Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) -Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...

Define Evolution - -the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient ones -What is a theory - -a well tested explanation of a natural phenomena -How are theories developed? - -theories are developed by frequent testings of hypotheses -Who established the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? - -Charles Darwin -What was the name of the book he published? - -The Origin of Species -What island is famous for its relationship to the theory? - -the Galapagos Islands...

1.Darwin referred to the process of promoting certain traits by breeding members with those traits as ____. The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits. Organisms with the desired traits, such as size or taste, are artificially mated or cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits. - -artificial selection -2.A morphological adaptation in which one species resembles another is called ____. - -Mimicry -3.Population decline causes an extreme genetic dr...

One possible results of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a non-homologous chromosome. What is this alteration called? - -A translocation -Which of the following is true of linkage? - -The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them -The chromosomal theory of inheritance explains what? - -Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment -If a deletion occurs on the Y chromosome that removes the SRY gene in...