Phpr 813 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Malaria - Caused by Anopheles Sp. / Plasmodium spp. 250 million annual cases - 1 million deaths 1 in 5 childhood deaths in africa pregnant women are high risk of dying cannot donate blood for 3 months after travel, 3 years after living there parasitic infection Plasmodium falciparum - malaria short incubation severe malaria cases majority of US malaria cases

staphylococcus (staining) gram positive staphylococcus (arrangement) chains or pairs staphylococcus (blood agar) hemolysis staphylococcus (surface atnigens) Lancefield Group staphylococcus (shape) cocci staphylococcus (catalase) positive

What are the 3 primary species that can be categorized as opportunistic fungi? - Candida - Aspergillus - Mucorales Which species of fungi is responsible for approximately 90% of opportunistic infections? Candida Which species of fungi is associated with causing opportunistic infections in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes? Mucorales

How is varicella zoster transmitted? aerosolized droplets inhalation What percentage of acute morbidity in the U.S. is caused by respiratory disease? Of that what percentage is due to viruses? Respiratory diseases have been associated with 75- 80% of all acute morbidity in the United States with 80% being caused by a respiratory viruses

What mosquito species carries malaria? Anopheles While mosquitos can be one route for malaria transmission, what is the other? Transfusion of contaminated blood products How long should you wait before donating blood after traveling to malaria endemic areas? 3 months How long should you wait before donating blood if you are prior resident of malaria endemic areas? 3 years

peptidoglycan made up of ______________ 2 sugars - NAM and NAG are connected together - NAM has peptide side chain composed of 5 amino acids that coss-links Lipopolysaccharide component of the gram-negative outer cell membrane (also known as endotoxin - contributes to disease

Enterobacteriaceae gram stain Gram negative - rod shaped Enterobacteriaceae metabolism - facultative - oxidase negative What is the immune activator in enterobacteriaceae responsible for may signs and symptoms of inflammatory syndrome? the outer membrane

What is the significance of Malaria? - common around the world, except the U.S - pregnant women are at high risk of dying from malaria and/or having complications - transported trough mosquitoes (Anopheles sp.) What was used to controlled Maleria in the US before 1950's? DDT (but was banned- causing mammals die)

Daptomycin drug class Lipopeptide How many amino acids make up daptomycin? 13 How many of the amino acids seen in daptomycin are arranged in a cyclic structure? 10 What antibiotic was used to synthesize the structure of daptomycin? vancomycin

Are Mycobacterium gram positive or negative? How would you describe their shape? Gram positive bacilli (rods) Mycobacterium cell wall has high lipid content containing what? Mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan Why is Mycobacterium hard to stain, and what stain must be used? -The wax like surface is difficult to stain, and once stain gets in, it is hard to decolorize -Requires acid alcohol to decolorize -Must use acid fast stain