NRSG 331

CO= - SV* HR Normal: 4-8 L/min Cardiac Index (CI) - CO/BSA(body surface area) Normal: 2.5-4 L/min/m^2 Arterial BP - CO * SVR Noninvasive ways to measure hemodynamics - Noninvasive BP Assessment of JVP Assessment of serum lactate levels JVP - Jugular venous pressure Normal: 7-9 cm Invasive hemodynamic monitoring methods - Arterial pressure monitoring Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring Right atrial pressure monitoring

ACTH; Increased - Cushing's Disease ACTH; Decreased - Addison's Disease TSH; Increased - Hyperthyroidism TSH; Decreased - Hypothyroidism ADH; Increased - SIADH ADH; Decreased - Diabetes Insipidus Pregnancy Steps - Estrogen low; FSH; Gonatotropin; LH from Anterior Pituitary Pregnancy; Start - FSH Starts

hepatocytes correct answer: liver cells that produce and secrete bile bile correct answer: stimulates peristalsis and breaks down fats in the intestine canaliculus correct answer: channels between hepatocytes that drain bile into the common bile duct into the duodenum and gall bladder hepatic artery correct answer: carries oxygenated blood into the liver portal vein correct answer: carries blood high in nutrients (from the GI tract) into the liver; provides energy for liver func...

General types of immune alterations: (immune system acts inappropriately) correct answer: -exaggerated -misdirected against host own cells -directed against bacterial foreign tissues -deficiency (insufficient) Exaggerated (immune disorder) correct answer: against environmental antigens Misdirected against host's own cells (immune disorder) correct answer: autoimmunity Directed against beneficial foreign tissues (immune disorder) correct answer: isoimmunity Hypersensitivity co...

Renal disfunction: Hematocrit correct answer: -Anemia (lower hematocrit) -The kidneys normally produce the hormone, erythropoietin, which stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs. When the nephrons fail, the kidneys can't produce erythropoietin. This leads to decreased hematocrit. Renal disfunction: Potassium correct answer: -Hyperkalemia -Nephron damage or failure leads to decreased GFR which leads to the inability to filter out excess K+ Renal disfunction: Calcium correct answer: -Hy...

pH normal level correct answer: 7.35-7.45 pCO2 normal level correct answer: 35-45 HCO3 normal level correct answer: 22-28 Think of ________ as an acid. correct answer: pCO2 Think of ________ as a base; similar to pH trends. correct answer: HCO3 Decreased pH of arterial blood (<7.35) -a systemic increase in H+ ion concentration or decrease in HCO3- correct answer: Acidosis Increased pH of arterial blood (>7.45) -a systemic decrease in H+ ion concentration or increa...

What does the portal vein do? correct answer: carries nutrients from intestine to liver What do the sinusoids do? correct answer: Capillaries between hepatocytes that carry blood to the hepatic vein What does the hepatic vein do? correct answer: carries blood away from the liver back to the heart and lungs What does the hepatic artery do? correct answer: carries oxygenated blood to the liver How many functions does the liver have? correct answer: 500 What's the largest inter...

Lobule correct answer: functional unit of the liver Hepatocytes correct answer: liver cells that produce and secrete bile Bile stimulates peristalsis and breaks down _______ in the intestine. correct answer: fats Adults produce ___________ of bile per day. correct answer: 400-800 mL ________ drains into the small intestine and is reabsorbed into the blood. correct answer: Bile Canaliculus correct answer: channels between hepatocytes that drain bile into the common bile duct ...