Pass for unit 10, P1 Explain how sociological perspectives are applied to the understanding of health and social care. P2 Explain how sociological perspectives contribute to the understanding of society. P3 Compare the biomedical model of health with an alternative model of health. P4 Explain the...
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Unit 10 - Sociological Perspectives
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UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
P1 Explain how sociological perspectives are applied to the understanding of health and social care.
● Marxist
Marxists believe that the healthcare system is provided to ensure that there is a healthy workforce
which converts into more profit for the ruling class as it ensures that the workers when sick are not
given time off. For instance, for workers to take time off and be paid for this time, they require a sick
note from the doctor.
Marxist also believe that doctors hide the real cause of illness which is poverty and inequality by
focusing on the individual and their physical symptoms. For instance, if a worker who was
overweight came into the doctors, they would be given weight loss advice and guide to healthy
eating despite them not having the funds to eat healthily. The doctors also serve the bourgeoisie by
getting people better and into work faster and monitoring how much time people spend out of work.
Health and social care according to Marxists is marketed by the pharmacy companies. According to
office for national statistics the cost of medicine in the uk alone totalled 15 billion pounds. Big drug
companies run by capitalists mass produce drugs which are given as a first resort for treatment. A
According to NHS 2011 (https://www.nhs.uk/news/medication/almost-half-of-all-adults-take-
prescription-drugs/) “Half of women and 43% of men take regularly prescription drugs.” As shown by
this reference the most common reasons for taking these drugs include cholesterol lowering,
medication to treat high blood pressure and painkillers and antidepressants. This is showing that
Marxist have a capitalist view on health and social care because for instance heart problems can be
reduced greately via exercise and healthy eating ( statistics from both BHF and NHS) rather than
provide advice and support for these conditions healthcare companies produce medicine as these
provide profit for the pharmaceutical. What's more high prescription prices mean that working class
families often can’t afford advanced treatment for their conditions whilst the bourgeoisie can. For
instance, conditions such as urine infections require often weeks of treatment and the prescription
cost means that working class families can’t complete the full treatment course leading to it
recurring.
Marxism believes that health care is provided to benefit the bourgeoisie. For example, whilst
statutory sectors such as NHS provide free healthcare it is often 1 GP for 3,000 people therefore the
waiting and treatment is limited and long. Whilst the upper class can afford to get into private sector
healthcare which is more beneficial as there is a significantly lower waiting list and more advanced
diagnosis tools.
● Functionalist
Functionalist believe that good health and effective medical care is important for society to be
running harmoniously. Every individual of society has roles such as mother, worker, friend and Ill
health means that the workers can't perform their function roles in society. Functionalist believe
that if too many people are unable to work and get ill society will not be able to function. Parson
emphasizes this being especially true for premature deaths as the cost of pregnancy, birth childcare
and end of life care stops society from functioning. Functionalist believe that poor medical care is
dysfunctional for society because people who are ill face greater difficulty in becoming healthy and
people who are healthy are more likely to become ill.
Parson imposed that for a person to be considered legitimately sick, the person must fit into the
criteria of the sick role. One of the criteria was that the individual must not of caused their own
problem for instance if an individual eats high fat food which cause heart attack. The sick role has
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