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HOSA Nutrition throughout the life span Questions and Answers
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HOSA Nutrition throughout the life span
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HOSA Nutrition throughout the life spanWhy do pregnant mothers need more calories? - answer To fuel increased metabolic
workload of mother and fetus, and spare protein for building new tissue
Amount of energy increase - answer No increase in first trimester. 340 extra calories per
day during the second trimester, and 452 extra calories per day in the 3rd trimester
Needs for protein increase - answer Development of the placenta, growth of the fetus,
growth of maternal tissues, increased maternal blood volume, and amniotic fluid
Protein increase - answer46g a day to 71 g a day, but the average US women already
consumes 74g a day, so individual counselling is necessary
Teratogenic - answer causing a birth defect due to a deficient diet
Need for more calcium - answer along with P. development of bones and teeth, and
blood clotting
Need for more iron - answer Essential for increased hemoglobin synthesis that is
required for the greater maternal blood volume, and the baby's necessary prenatal
storage of iron. Average intake is 14.5mg/day, when 27mg/day
Need for more folate - answerTH4 is used in DNA synthesis, cell division, hemoglobin
synthesis, important until week 6 of gestation to ensure adequate nutrient availability in
the endometrial lining of the uterus for embryonic tissue development. It also causes a
lower chance of neural tube defects
Need for more Vitamin D - answerWorldwide deficiency, linked to gestational diabetes
and preterm birth, but not causal. Recommended 15 mcg/d
Weight Gain amount and rate during pregnancy - answer22 to 36.8 lbs in total. 2-4 lbs
over the first trimester, and 0.4kg (0.88lbs) per week after that
Basic Principles of Diet and Exercise and Women for pregnant women -
answerSufficient quantity of high quality food, and avoid fasting or skipping meals. Also,
at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise each week, or even 30 minutes a day
Nausea and vomiting in pregnant women - answerAffect 69% of women during early
pregnancy, likely by adaptation to human chorionic gonadotropin during the first
trimester. To treat it through diet, drink liquids between meals, avoid an empty stomach,
and try ginger or vitamin B6 supplement
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