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HOSA Nutrition review test Questions and Answers Graded A+
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HOSA Nutrition review test
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HOSA Nutrition review testAbsorption - answer Taking up of nutrients in the intestines
Adipose tissue - answer Fatty tissue
Aerobic metabolism - answer Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called
oxidation.
Albumin - answer Protein that occurs in blood plasma
Alkalosis - answer Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost
from, the body.
Amino acids - answer Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is
composed
Amphetamines - answer Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
Anemia - answer Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells,
hemoglobin or blood volume.
Angina pectoris - answerPain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
arteriosclerosis - answerGeneric term for thickened arteries
Arthritis - answerChronic disease involving the joints
ascites - answerAbnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
aspartame - answerArtificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require
insulin for metabolism
aspirated - answerInhaled or suctioned
Atherosclerosis - answera form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of
the artery walls
avitaminosis - answerWithout vitamins
Beriberi - answerDeficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel
heavy feet burn and muscles degenerate.
,Basal metabolism rate BMR - answerThe rate at which energy is needed for body
maintenance.
bile - answerSecretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion
of fat.
Bioavailable - answerThe ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the
body
biotin - answera B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
Bolus - answerFood in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
Botulism - answerDeadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium
botulinum
bran - answerouter covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose
and protein
Buffer systems - answerProtective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in
body fluids
Cachexia - answerSevere malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
caliper - answerMechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement
nutrients (6) - answerChemical substances that are found in food and necessary for
good health. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
Essential nutrient - answerNutrients found only in food
Carbohydrates - answerAbout 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action.
Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
Monosaccharides - answerSimplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can
be easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small intestine they include
glucose fructose and galactose
Disaccharides - answerDouble sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are
sucrose maltose and lactose
Lactose intolerance - answerInability to digest lactose because if you lack of the
enzyme lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
,Polysaccharides - answerComplex carbohydrates containing combinations of
monosaccharides. Examples include starch dextrin cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen - answerGlucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2
day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Fiber - answerIndigestible parts of plants; absorbs water in large intestine, helping to
create soft stool.
Cellulose - answerPrimary sources of dietary fiber
Endosperm - answerThe inner part of the kernel of grain; contains a carbohydrate.
Contain starch protein and some B vitamins
germ - answerSmallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B vitamins vitamin E
minerals and proteins
Lipids and fat - answerFormed from glycerol Provides energy. 9 calories
hypercholesterolemia - answerUnusually high levels of cholesterol and blood; also
known as high serum cholesterol. Common in clients with atherosclerosis.
plaque - answerFatty deposit on interior of artery walls. When plaque blocks the heart a
heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain a stroke occurs.
function of stomach - answertemporary storage of food. mixing of food with gastric
juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of food into the intestine. sexretion of
the factor for B12. destruction of most bacteria.
sphincter malfunction - answercauses acid reflux disease.
chyme - answerfood mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastric juices - answerdigestive secretions in stomach. contain HCl, pepsin, mucus. HCl
activates pepsin to digest protein. children have two additinal enzymes rennin-milk
protein, and gastric lipase-butterfat
salivary amylase - answercomponent of saliva that starts the digestion of starch in the
mouth
duodenum - answerChyme moves through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum the
first section of the small intestine.
cholecytokinin (cck) - answertriggers gallbladder to release bile for the digestion of fat
pancreatic amylase - answerconverts starches to simple sugars
, pancreatic lipase - answerreduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol
small intestine in digestion - answermost nutrients absorbed. breaks down lactose
maltose and sucrose.
fat soluble vitamin deficency - answeroccur in those with chronic malabsorbtion disease
such as cystic fibrosis, celiac, and chrons disease.
fat soluble. vitamins - answerA D E K. not lost easily in cooking but lost with mineral oil.
after absprbtion they are transported through the body by lipoproteins. megadoses more
common because they are stored
Vitamin A - answerAn antioxidant plays an important role in vision, bone growth,
reproduction, cell division, antioxidant, regulates immune system.
retinol - answerThe active form of vitamin A. Preformed vitamin A
carotenoids - answerProvitamin A. Think carrots and other orange and green fruits. May
reduce the risk of cancer
rickets - answerDeficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin D; causes malformed
bones and pain in infants
Deficiency of vitamin D - answerMay lead to osteomalacia which then can evolve into
osteoporosis
Vitamin E - answerantioxidant. Essential for protection of cell structure, especially of red
blood cells
vitamin K - answeressential in blood clotting. deficiency leads to hemorrhaging.
thiamine - answerMetabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids. Also essential to
nerve and muscle action. Absorbed in the small intestine.
riboflavin B2 - answeressential for carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism. Necessary
for tissue maintenance. And healthy eyes
niacin - answerServes as a Coenzyme in energy metabolism and consequently
essential to every body cell.
pellagra - answerDisease to choose deficiency of niacin. Characterized by sores on the
skin by diarrhea, anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory, dizziness, and untimely
death if left untreated.
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