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HOSA Nutrition Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism Questions and Answers 2024
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HOSA Nutrition Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism
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HOSA Nutrition Digestion, Absorption,and Metabolism
Metabolism - answer The use of food as fuel, resulting in energy
Digestion - answer the process whereby food is broken down into smaller parts,
chemically changed, and moved through the gastrointestinal system in order for the
body to prepare for absorption
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of - answer the body structures that participate in
digestion. Along with it secretions of mucus lubricate and protect the mucosal tissues.
Digestion begins and ends where - answer in the mouth and anus.
Digestion occurs through two types of action - answer mechanical and chemical.
Mechanical digestion - answer food is broken into smaller pieces by the teeth. It is then
moved along the Gl tract through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines through
peristalsis. helps to prepare food for chemical digestion by breaking it into smaller
pieces. Several small pieces collectively have more surface area than fewer large ones
and thus are more readily broken down by digestive juices.
Peristalsis - answermovement is caused by a rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls
of the tract
chemical digestion - answerthe composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is
changed. Chemical changes occur through the addition of water and the resulting
splitting, or breaking down, of the food molecules, this process is called hydrolysis.
Food is broken down into nutrients that the tissues can absorb and use.
Digestive enzymes - answeract on food substances, causing them to break down into
simple compounds, components of hydrolysis. can also act as a catalyst, which speeds
up the chemical reactions without itself being changed in the process. Secreted by the
mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine
Mouth cavity - answerTeeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion by breaking food
into smaller pieces.
Salivary glands - answerSaliva moistens food and begins chemical digestion as salivary
amylase digests carbohydrate.
Esophagus - answerPeristalsis and gravity move food along.
, Cardiac sphincter - answerThe valve between the end of the esophagus and the
stomach that prevents gastric reflux from moving into the esophagus
Liver - answerProduces bile to aid digestion. Filters blood, metabolizes nutrients, and
detoxifies substances.
Stomach - answerChurns foods as hydrochloric acid is secreted to activate enzymes
and destroy bacteria. Mucus released to protect stomach
Gallbladder - answerStores bile and protects the stomach. releases it into the small
intestine to emulsify fats.
Pyloric sphincter - answerCircular. muscle tissue that acts as a value between the
stomach and duodenum.
Small intestine - answerDuodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Completes digestion as
nutrients are absorbed into blood and lymph.
Pancreas - answerProduces enzymes for the small intestine to break down starch, fats,
and protein.
Large intestine (colon) - answerAscending, transverse, and descending Absorbs water
and some other nutrients and collects food residue for excretion.
Ileocecal valve - answerA muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large
intestine.
Sigmoid colon - answerPart of the colon that connects the descending colon to the
rectum
Rectum - answerStores waste prior to elimination.
Anus - answerHolds rectum closed and then opens for elimination.
Salivary Amylase (Secreted by Mouth) - answeracts upon starch
Pepsin (Secreted by Stomach) - answeracts upon proteins
Rennin (Secreted by Stomach) - answeracts upon proteins in milk
Gastric lipase (Secreted by Stomach) - answeracts upon emulsified fat
Pancreatic amylase (Secreted by Small intestine) - answerincludes trypsin,
chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, acts upon proteins
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