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NS 1410 Exam 4 TTU – Questions & Accurate Answers
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NS 1410 Exam 4 TTU – Questions & Accurate Answers
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NS 1410 Exam 4 TTU – Questions & Accurate Answersunderweight: <18.5
normal: 18.5-24.9
overweight: 25-29.9
obese: 30-39.9
morbid obese: >40 Right Ans - Classifications of BMIs
-not an indication of body composition
-it may overestimate body fat in athletes and others that have a muscular
build
-it may underestimate body fat in older persons and other who have less
muscle/bone mass Right Ans - Limitations to BMIs
Right Ans - Health risks associated with high BMI
-as harmful as obesity Right Ans - Health risks associated with low BMI
-densitometry
-anthropometry
-conductivity
-dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
-near infrared reactance
-bod pod Right Ans - methods to measure body fat and lean muscle mass
densitometry Right Ans - -underwater weighing
-gold standard
-most accurate, but typically only used for research purposes
anthropometry Right Ans - -measurement of skinfold thickness using
skinfold calipers or body circumferences
-least accurate measurement available
-highly dependent on person taking measurement and degree of training
conductivity (bioelectric impedance) Right Ans - -accuracy depends upon
several factors
-current hydration status makes results variable
-least invasive and fairly accurate
,DXA Right Ans - -first developed to measure bone mineral content and
density
-absorption of water, fat mass, and muscle mass differ
-calculated of these body compartments determine % fat
-very accurate assessment of body composition
bod pod Right Ans - -air displacement
-expensive
fat distribution pattern Right Ans - -measured by waist-to-hip ratio and
waist circumference
-apple shaped fat patterning-upper body; men tend to store fat abdominally-
increased risk for chronic disease
-pear shaped fat patterning- lower body; no significant risk for chronic
diseases; women tend to store fat in lower body
abdominal Right Ans - _____ fat increases risk for chronic disease
central obesity Right Ans - risk of death/chronic diseases from all causes
appears to be the highest for individuals with _______ which is defined as:
waist circumference:
>40 in for males
>35 in for females
-basal metabolic rate: 60-75%
-thermic effect of food: 5-10%
-energy cost of physical activity: 15-35% Right Ans - components of energy
expenditure
basal metabolic rate (BMR) Right Ans - -energy expended to maintain basal
(resting) functions of the body
-includes respiration, circulation, maintaining body temp, new cell synthesis,
secretion of hormones, nervous system activity
-primary determinant of this is the amount of lean mass
-more lean body mass, during stress, and periods of growth (childhood and
pregnancy) Right Ans - factors that increase BMR
, -age and during energy restriction (fasting/starvation) Right Ans - factors
that decrease BMR
1-2 lbs per week Right Ans - recommended weight loss rate
-gradual changes in energy intake (500-1000 cal/day deficit)
-regular and appropriate physical activity (30 min/day, 5d/week)
-behavior modification techniques Right Ans - recommendations for
weight loss
-limit fat: <30% of total energy intake
-maintain a balanced diet
-eat 500-1000 extra kcal/day
-eat frequently throughout the day
-avoid tobacco (depresses appetite and increases BMR)
-exercise regularly with resistance training Right Ans - recommendations
for weight gain
-their rise in popularity is rapid (and their decline)
-they have a special appeal or prestige
-they are or at least sound easy
-they relieve the dieter of all responsibilities and decisions
-they distort, or ignore, basic nutrition principles
-they seldom include a full variety of foods
-if it sounds too good to be true it probably is Right Ans - characteristics of
fad diets
leptin Right Ans - -acts to reduce food intake
-produced by body fat and acts to reduce food intake
-less effect of this found in obese
ghrelin Right Ans - -stimulates appetite
-synthesized in the stomach, works on hypothalamus
-increases before a meal and decreases about one hour after eating; levels also
appear to increase after weight loss
-not diminished with obesity
peptide YY (PYY) Right Ans - -decreases appetite
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