ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FINAL- ACS EXAM QUESTIONS
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buoyancy correction
m=(m'(1-(air density/weight density)))/(1-(air density/object density))
Absorbance
-log(transmittance)
Relative uncertainty=
absolute uncertainty/magnitude of measurement
68% of measurements in a Gaussian Curve will lie
between the mean-1 and the mean+1
mean=
true value +-time*standard deviation
T-test Case 1
measure sample of known composition
T-test case 2
compare replicate measurement of an unknown sample
T-test case 3
compare individual difference of an unknown sample
- two sets of data analyzed by both methods being used
T-test case 1 equation
true value= mean (+-) (time*standard deviation)/sqrt(number of measurements))
T-test case 1 Tcalc=
(sqrt(n)Iknown value-calculated meanI)/standard deviation
For Case 1:
If Tcalc>Ttable
the actual value isn't in the range and it is bad
For Case 1:
If Tcalc<Ttable
the actual value is close to our calculated value
For Case 2:
you need to first solve for Fcalc=
(larger standard deviation)^2/(smaller standard deviation)^2
If Fcalc<Ftable, you should use
Case 2A
If Fcalc>Ftable, you should use
Case 2B
T-Test Case 2A: Tcalc=
(Icalculated mean 1-calculated mean 2I/spooled)sqrt((n1n2)/(n1+n2))
For Case 2A:
if Tcalc < Ttable, then
the two sets of data are statistically indistinguishable
For Case 2A:
spooled(standard deviation pooled)=
, sqrt((s1^2(n1-1)+s2^2(n2-1))/(n1+n2-2))
where s=standard deviation and n=number of measurements
For Case 2B:
Tcalc=
(Icalculated mean 1-calculated mean 2I)/sqrt((s1^2/n1)+(s2^2/n2))
For case 2B:
if Tcalc<Ttable, then
the two sets of data are indistinguishable
For Case 3:
Sd=
sqrt((sum of (difference-average difference)^2)/n-1)
For Case 3:
Tcalc=
(Iaverage differenceI/Sd)*sqrt(n)
Grubbs test
Gcalculated= Iquestionable value-calculated meanI/standard deviation
-calculated mean and standard deviation need to include the questionable point
Absorbance corrected for dilution=
Absorbance measured*(total volume/initial volume)
Energy=
Plancks constant*frequency
Planck's constant=
6.626x10^-34 Js
c=(in terms of energy and absorption)
wavelenght*frequency
E=
(planck's constant*c)/wavelength
Beer's Law Equation
Absorbance= constantdistanceconcentration
Transmittance Equation=
P/Po
Po= particular intensity at a specific wavelength
How do you solve polyprotic titrations for the zwitterionic form of the ion
you use our special tool to solve for [H3O+]
[H3O+] using the special tool equation:
=sqrt((K1K2[HL]+K1Kw)/(K1+[HL]
[H30+] simplified using the special tool equation:
=sqrt(K1K2)
pH using the special tool equation:
=0.5(pK1+pK2)
Finding the predominant species in monoprotic acids:
alpha HA=
[HA]/([HA]+[A-])
Finding the predominant species in monoprotic acids:
alpha A-=
[A-]/([HA]+[A-])
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