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NURS 4020 NEURO (TEST 2) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
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NURS 4020 NEURO (TEST 2) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETESOLUTIONS
Components within the cranium - CORRECT ANSWER-- 78% = Brain
- 12% = Blood
- 10% = CSF
Primary Injury - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs at the initial time of an injury (impact
of a car accident, blunt force trauma) that results in the displacement, bruising, or
damage to any of the three components
Secondary injury - CORRECT ANSWER-is the resulting hypoxia, ischemia,
hypotension, edema, or increased ICP that follows the primary injury.
could occur several hours to days after the initial injury, is a primary concern
when managing brain injury.
What is ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- hydro-static force that is measured in the brain
CSF compartment
- Balance among compartments all the time and if one gets off balance then
pressure changes.
NURS 4020 Neuro (Test 2) questions with complete solutions
,Monro-Kellie Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER-- 3 components must remain at a
relatively constant volume within the closed skull structure. If the volume of any
one of the three components increases within the cranial vault and the volume
from another component is displaced, the total intracranial volume will not
change.
Factors influencing ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- Blood Pressure (arterial and venous)
- Intraabdominal and Intrathoracic
- Posture
- Temperature
- Blood Gasses -> especially CO2 levels
Where is ICP measured - CORRECT ANSWER--Typically measured in ventricles but
can be measured in other spaces (subdural, subarachnoid, directly within the
brain matter)
Normal ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-5 - 15 mmHg
- Becomes a problem when pressure goes above 20
- Measured with a transducer
NURS 4020 Neuro (Test 2) questions with complete solutions
,Regulation of ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- Compensation mechanisms that regulate
ICP
- Alter absorption of CSF, alter the production
- Blood Volume can alter - veins may vasoconstriction and vasodilation
- Brain tissue can alter by compression or distension of the dura
-goal is to preserve cerebral blood flow
- brain uses a lot of glucose and O2 (25% of glucose and 20% of O2)
Cerebral Blood Flow - CORRECT ANSWER-- The amount of blood in milliliters
passing through 100g of brain tissue in 1 minute.
-Auto Regulation: automatic adjusted and diameter of cerebral blood vessels -
point is to maintain cerebral blood-flow
- Depends on MAP
- Loss of this = Cushings Triad
MAP - CORRECT ANSWER-- tells you how well organs/brain are being perfused.
tells if the pressure is good enough to perfuse all the organs in the body
- Normal > 60
NURS 4020 Neuro (Test 2) questions with complete solutions
, - If MAP is not at 70 or greater than auto regulation cannot happen - upper limit is
150 (vessels can constrict SO much)
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-- Pressure to ensure blood flow
to brain
- MAP - ICP = cerbral perfusion pressure
Normal: 60 -100 ; <60 = ischemia
- Higher ICP = lower cerebral perfusion pressure
Causes of Increased ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- Masses: Hematomas, absceses,
contusions, tumors
- Cerebral Edema: Hydrocephalus, edema related to head injury or head surgery,
brain inflammation
- What ever is causing it (the insult) will cause cerebral edema
Cerebral Edema -> Increased ICP -> tissue Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-....
Sustained ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- Can lead to Brainstem compression ->
Herniation -> Death
Herniation - CORRECT ANSWER-- Brain matter moves from one compartment to
another closer to the brain stem
NURS 4020 Neuro (Test 2) questions with complete solutions
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