Phospholipid Bilayer - answer✔contains cholesterol and embedded proteins
phospholipid head and fatty acid tail
Phospholipid head - answer✔hydrophilic
Fatty Acid Tail - answer✔Hydrophobic
Exterior Phospholipid bilayer - answer✔hydrophilic, phosphoric acid region
Interior Phospholipid bilayer - answer✔hydrophobic, fatty acid region
Aldosterone Function - answer✔Stimulates NA+ reabsorption and K+ secretion, increases
water reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure
Aldosterone Source - answer✔secreted from adrenal cortex
regulated by renin-angiotensin system
ADH role - answer✔increases collecting duct's permeability to water to increase water
reabsorption
ADH source - answer✔secreted from posterior pituitary with high (solute) in the blood
Liver's role in homeostasis - answer✔1. gluconeogenesis
2. processing of nitrogenous wastes (urea)
3. detoxificiation of wates/chemicals/drugs
4.storage of iron and vitamin B12
5.synthesis of bile and blood proteins
6.beta-oxidation of fatty acids to ketones
7.interconversion of carbs, fat, and amino acids
Allosteric regulation - answer✔binding of an effector molecule at the allosteric site
Reversible inhibition regulation - answer✔competitive inhibitors bind to active site;
noncompetitive inhibitors bind to allosteric site
Glycolysis - answer✔occurs in cytoplasm
C6H12O6+2 ADP+2 Pi +2NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate +2 ATP +2NADH + 2H+ +2 H2O
Fermentation - answer✔occurs in anaerobic conditions. Pyruvate is converted into lactic
acid (in muscle) or ethanol (in yeast)
Respiration - answer✔occurs in aerobic (?) conditions
-pyruvate decarboxylation
-citric acid cycle
-electron transport chain
-oxidative phosphorylation
Pyruvate decarboxylation - answer✔pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial
matrix
Citric Acid Cycle - answer✔Acetyl CoA enters; coenzymes leave
Electron Transport Chain - answer✔Coenzymes are oxidized; energy is released as
electrons are transferred from carrier to carrier
Oxidative phosphorylation - answer✔electrochemical gradient caused by NADH and
FADH2 oxidation provides energy for ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP into ATP
Sarcomere - answer✔-contractile unit of the fivers in skeletal muscle
-contain thin actin and thick myosin filaments
Initiation of contraction - answer✔depolarization of a neuron leads to action potential
Osteoblast - answer✔builds bone
Osteoclast - answer✔breaks down bone
Reformation of bone - answer✔inorganic ions are absorbed from the blood of use in bone
Resorption of bone - answer✔Inorganic ions are released into the blood
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