100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
rutgers bio 116 final exam study guide solutions $12.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

rutgers bio 116 final exam study guide solutions

 0 view  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Rutgers
  • Institution
  • Rutgers

Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/29 rutgers bio 116 final exam study guide solutions lymphocytes - ANSWER-types of white blood cells; function in innate and adaptive immunity; both types originate from stem cells located in bone marrow B cells - ANSWER-ly...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 29  pages

  • November 19, 2024
  • 29
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Rutgers
  • Rutgers
avatar-seller
SophiaBennett
rutgers bio 116 final exam study guide
solutions

lymphocytes - ANSWER✔✔-types of white blood cells; function in innate and adaptive

immunity; both types originate from stem cells located in bone marrow


B cells - ANSWER✔✔-lymphocytes that remain in bone marrow in process of

maturation


T cells - ANSWER✔✔-lymphocytes that migrate to thymus


antigen - ANSWER✔✔-any foreign substance that elicits a B or T cell response; most are

proteins or large polysaccharides


epitope - ANSWER✔✔-specific region that is exposed on the surface of antigen

molecule; binds to antigen receptor; each B and T cell displays specificity for a specific

epitope


transmembrane region of receptor - ANSWER✔✔-near one end of heavy chain; anchors

receptor in B cell's plasma membrane


constant region - ANSWER✔✔-portions of light and heavy chains; amino acid

sequences vary little among B cells



Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/29

,variable region - ANSWER✔✔-found within tips of Y shape; each tip is binding site for

antigen; each receptor has 2 identical antigen binding sites


B cell classes - ANSWER✔✔-IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM


B cell activation - ANSWER✔✔-activation begins when a B cell antigen receptor (tips)

binds to antigen; leads to formation of cells that secrete soluble form of receptor

(antibodies = immunoglobin)


antibodies - ANSWER✔✔-have same y-shaped structure as B cell antigen receptors; not

membrane bound; do actual defense against pathogens


T cell antigen receptors - ANSWER✔✔-bind only to fragments of antigen that are

displayed on surface of host cell


host cell - ANSWER✔✔-characterized by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

molecules; host protein that displays antigen fragment on cell surface


4 major characteristics of adaptive immunity - ANSWER✔✔-B and T cell diversity, self-

tolerance, proliferation of B and T cells, and immunological memory


self-tolerance - ANSWER✔✔-ability to distinguish between self (own cells) vs non-self

(foreign matter); organisms are biochemically unique, all individual's cells have

different surface proteins


proliferation of B and T cells - ANSWER✔✔-once specific cell is activated (B or T) it

undergoes multiple cell divisions

Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/29

, clonal selection - ANSWER✔✔-making clones


effector cells - ANSWER✔✔-take effect immediately, short lived


plasma cells - ANSWER✔✔-effector forms of B cells


helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells - ANSWER✔✔-effector forms of T cells


memory cells - ANSWER✔✔-long lived, ready to divide if same antigen appears again;

if antigen does appear again, they give rise to effector cells


immunological memory - ANSWER✔✔-long term protection that occurs from prior

infection; result of B and T memory cells


humoral response - ANSWER✔✔-occurs in blood and lymph by antibodies


cell-mediated response - ANSWER✔✔-infected host cells destroyed by specialized T

cells


helper T cells - ANSWER✔✔-triggered by antigen display on surface of APC; trigger

humoral and cell-mediated responses; produce signals that initiate antibody

production; signals activate T cells and kill infected cells


types of APC's - ANSWER✔✔-dendritic cell, macrophage, B cell


CD4 - ANSWER✔✔-accessory protein found on helper T cell surface; binds to class II

MHC molecule; keeps cells joined (helper T cell and antigen)




Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/29

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SophiaBennett. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart