Exam (elaborations)
Bioethics Exam 2 Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 9 pages for the course Bioethics at Bioethics (Bioethics Exam 2)
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Bioethics Exam 2Autonomy - answer is person's rational capacity for self-governance or self
determination
Paternalism - answer the overriding of a person's actions or decision making for his own
good
Confidentiality - answer concerns patients imparting information to healthcare
professionals who promise not to disclose information to others.
Right to privacy - answer the authority of a person to control who may possess and use
information about themselves.
Competence - answerability to render decisions about medical interventions
Informed Consent - answer ethical ideal where a physician is obligated to tell patients
about possible medical interventions.
Principles of Informed Consent - answer1.Competence
2. Adequate Disclosure
3.Understanding of information
4.Volunatry Agreement
5. Consents
Waiver - answerpatient voluntarily gives up right to informed consent
4 aspects of Disclosure - answer1.Nature of procedure
2.risk of procedure
3. alternatives
4.expected benefits
Therapeutic Privileges - answerwithholding relevant information in from a patient if
disclose would do harm.
Randomization- assigning of subjects randomly to both experimental and control groups
Randomization - answerassigning of subjects randomly to both experimental and
control groups
Clinical Trial - answerscientific study designed to test a medical intervention in humans
Placebo - answerinactive or sham treatment
, Blinding - answerprocedure so researchers and patients don't know the treatment
received
double blind - answerpatients and doctors don't know
single blind - answerdoctor knows, patient doesn't know
Weak paternalism - answerpaternalism directed at a person who cannot act
autonomously or whose autonomy is greatly diminished. EX. Retarded, depressed,
addiction
Strong paternalism - answeris the overriding of a person's actions or choices even
though his is substantially autonomous. Ex. Physician discovered a malignant tumor but
tells the patient is benign but should be surgically removed just in case.
Medical Futility - answerthe alleged pointlessness or ineffectiveness of administering a
particular treatment. Most of the time a question of values
Gerald Dworkin's definition of paternalism - answer-Goes along with Mill's idea that it is
sometimes is justifiable to restrict a person's liberty for purposes of self-protection or the
prevention of harm to others
-2 principles
-self-protection, prevention of harm to others
- individuals own good is not sufficient
Pure Case (Dworkin) - answerthe class of persons whose freedom is restricted is
identical with the class of persons who benefit is intended to promote. Ex. motorcyclist
should wear a helmet
Impure Case (Dworkin) - answerthe class of persons interfered with is larger than the
class being protected.
Ex. prevent cigarette manufacturing.
Alan Goldman's Moral Argument. - answer- strong paternalism is medicine is
unjustifiable, patients have the right of self-determination, right to freedom to make their
own decisions.
5 Premise for Moral Arguement - answer1.Discoslure
2. Detrimental to health
3. health/prolonged life
4. Death is not what patient wants
5.paternalism
2 ways to attack the paternalism agreement - answer- honoring rather than overriding
will not in fact harm him (empirical)
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