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UMN PSY 1001 Midterm 3 Test With Verified Solutions
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UMN PSY 1001 Midterm 3 TestWith Verified Solutions
What is the Nature/Nurture controversy? - Answer Debate over whether our genetics
(nature) or environment (nurture) account for individual differences
What is eugenics? - Answer the science of improving a human population by controlled
breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics
What are some examples of the eugenics movement? - Answer Prizes awarded at fairs
for "most eugenic baby;"
increased name use of Eugene in 1920-30s
What are monozygotic (MZ) twins? - Answer identical twins, share 100% of genetic
makeup
What are dizygotic (DZ) twins? - Answer Fraternal/nonidentical twins and share 50% of
their DNA
How is twin study an example of a "natural experiment?" - Answer conditions arise
spontaneous
twins share both genetic makeup and environment, so their influence can be studied
without manipulation
How alike are siblings? - Answer Share 50% of genetic makeup
What is the correlation between IQ for MZ twins? - Answer Strong correlation of .83
What is the correlation between IQ for DZ twins? - Answer Less strong correlation of
about .54
What does IQ correlation between twins illustrate? - Answer Genetics partially
contribute to IQ
What does behavior genetics suggest about the heritability of psychological traits and
mental disorders? - Answer individual differences in behavior (personality traits) are
genetically passed from parent to child
What does the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart show? - Answer Even in different
environments, twins exhibit some of the same traits; shows that genetics play a role in
personality traits, but environment also has an influence
How is intelligence defined? - Answer ability to understand use complex ideas, adapt
affectively to environment, learn from experience, engage in abstract thinking.
, In what way is intelligence a construct rather than something that can be directly
observed about someone? - Answer not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill,
or test-taking smarts - it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending
our surroundings "catching on" "making sense" or "figuring out" what to do
What was the original purpose of an IQ test? - Answer Developed by Binet to solve an
education problem in France after the introduction of public schooling
What is a mental age? - Answer a person's mental ability expressed as the age at which
an average person reaches the same ability.
How does IQ follow a normal distribution? - Answer Scores fall along bell curve, majority
of the scores fall in the middle 68% with standard deviation being 15
What is the average IQ? - Answer 100
What percentage of people are intellectually gifted and intellectually disabled? - Answer
about 4% (2% each)
How stable is IQ over time? - Answer highly stable over shorter periods of time; changes
of about (+/-) 10 to 20 points over longer intervals; increased stability with age (plateau
at about 10 years old)
What outcomes can IQ predict? - Answer academic performance
occupation
social outcomes (health, success, interests)
Does being in the top versus bottom quartile of the top IQ 1% matter? - Answer Yes;
Higher quartile showed more likelihood of pursing additional schooling/occupation
endeavors
What are sources of intelligence? - Answer Brain structure/function, genetics, and
environment
How do verbal and non-verbal abilities change over the life course? - Answer maintained
and/or increased over time
What is the Flynn effect? - Answer observation that each generation has a significantly
higher IQ than the previous generation
What are some possible causes of the Flynn effect? - Answer More available nutrition,
better education, other cultural changes
What are the implications of the Flynn effect? - Answer implies that environment impacts
IQ
What is the neurobiology of intelligence? - Answer IQ positively correlates with brain
size
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