HTHSCI 1RR3 TEST 2 (Units 4,5,6)
Questions With Verified Answers
Occupation is a type of which social determinants of health? - answer✔STRUCTURAL social
determinants of health inequities, specifically under socioeconomic position
In general, unemployment and job insecurity lead to: - answer✔Poor health outcomes, both
physically and mentally.
Employment protection in Canada: - answer✔Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD)
Purpose of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): -
answer✔Sets standards for responsible business conduct across a range of issues such as
human rights, labour rights, and the environment.
What is Canada's rank in the employment protection index which protects employment and
provides benefits to temporary workers? - answer✔Canada ranks poorly - 35th out of 36th.
Why are working conditions important SDoH? - answer✔- Great amount of time spent in
workplace
- People already vulnerable are most likely to experience health threatening working conditions
Key work dimensions shaping health outcomes - answer✔job strain, effort-reward imbalance,
organizational justice, work hours, status inconsistency, precarious work
Job strain - answer✔exists when people's autonomy over their work and their ability to use
their skills are low, while the psychological demands placed upon them are high
effort-reward imbalance - answer✔- When efforts are perceived to be higher than rewards, this
leads to emotional distress.
- It underlines the health importance of rewards (monetary, esteem, respect) being in line with
the demands (pressure and responsibility at work).
Organizational justice - answer✔reflects the extent to which people perceive that their
supervisor considers their viewpoints, shares information concerning decision making, and
treats individuals fairly.
Work hours - answer✔The number of hours usually worked. Too many (burnout) and too few
hours (income insecurity) are both related to health problems.
Status inconsistency - answer✔aka "goal-striving stress." When an individual's level of
education is higher than the skills he/she requires for the occupation.
Precarious work - answer✔Employment that is uncertain, unstable, and insecure across various
dimensions of work.
It is also associated with social and economic vulnerability.
Key points from TED Talk - Guy Standing: What is the precariat: - answer✔- Individuals who
work precarious jobs
- Unstable labour and living conditions
- Full-time labour hours
- Individuals rely on wages - no sick pays, vacation pays, or pension
Trends of precious work in professions: - answer✔- more than 1 in 5 Canadian professionals
have precious jobs (2018).
- Healthcare professionals have high incidence of precarious jobs due to unit closures (moving
from one workplace to another)
- Workers at Toronto Public Library also have high incidence of precarious jobs due to
unpredictable work schedules (from the TED Talk)
Why is precarious work higher in the OLDER population than younger population? - answer✔"It
could be that the labour market is squeezing older professionals out of secure jobs, but more
research is required to understand the nature of the age differential."
Why is precarious work higher for professionals with less than five years of experience? -
answer✔Research suggests that experience pays off. Low experience = high incidence of
precarious employment, and vice versa.
Historical labour market transformation: - answer✔- Farming/agriculture
- 1st and 2nd industrial revolution
Trends of the labour market today: - answer✔- Careers related to developing projects (such as
project management, consultant, coordinator)
- Individuals work in several jobs over the course of a lifetime
- More "boundaryless" careers as opposed to "vertical ladder" careers
Boundaryless career - answer✔- often represents tech/knowledge economy: mobile work,
networks and virtual communities of practice
- more "flexibility" in jobs and self-employment
- false sense of self-employment
- precarious work
- new classifications of employment statuses (casual, contract, temporary, part-time, etc.)
- "gig" economy
Traditional career - answer✔Represents industrial work - one stop shop, first job/last job,
climbing the vertical ladder
What is Canada's unemployment rate? - answer✔Remained unchanged at 5.7 % in August 2019
Unemployment rate - answer✔the percentage of the labor force (15-64 y.o.) actively looking
for a job
Employment rate - answer✔The number of people employed divided by the total labour force
expressed as a percentage
Where does the word "precariat" come from? - answer✔- PRECArious (insecure)
- proletaRIAT (working-class)
Job vs income security - answer✔- Job security: enables economic and social inclusion
- Income security: enables economic inclusion only
Kimberle Crenshaw - intersectionality - answer✔Describes how the socioeconomic position of a
person (such as class, gender, race) intersect and overlap with another, creating systems of
discrimination or disadvantage.
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