What 5 things are vit A required for? - answer✔1. Normal functioning of visual system
2. Maintenence of cell fn & growth
3. Epithelial integrity
4. RBC production
5. Immunity & reproduction
Vit A deficiency is common in lower income countries mostly due to - answer✔low intake
What are 2 symptoms for vit A deficiency? - answer✔1. Xerophthalmia/dry eyes- leading
preventable cause of blindness in children
2. Dec. resistance to infection
98% of Ca is in the - answer✔bone
What 2 things decrease Ca absorption? What increases Ca absorption? - answer✔Dec: *Phytic
acid* (in high fiber and soy) & *oxalic acid*
Inc: Lactose
Zinc is essential for what 2 things? - answer✔1. normal protein synthesis
2. Growth
What two things decrease zinc absorption? - answer✔Phytate and fiber
Fluoride is part of hydroxyfluoroapatite on the enamel, which is a mixture of fluoride,
_________, and ________. - answer✔1. Calcium carbonate
2. Calcium phosphate
What two things are "dental caries"? - answer✔cariogenic bacteria & fermentable CHO
Fluoride protects dental caries by what 3 ways? - answer✔1. Supressing sugar metab. by bact.
2. Make enamel more resistant to acid
3. Stimulating mineralization of teeth
What are some groups of children that are at risk and would need vit supplementation? -
answer✔deprived families
anorexia/poor eating habits
chronic disease
dietary regimen to manage obesity
pregnant teens
vegan diet
Undernutrition can override genetics; growth retardation happens in developing countries from
what 2 ways? 4 ways in developed countries? - answer✔inadequate food intake & infection
Developed:
1. Dec. absorption
2. chronic disease
3. psychological stress
4. nonorganic growth failure
_________, _________, and ________ of deficiency is important to have an effect on growth. -
answer✔type, timing, duration
Bayley Scale of Mental and Motor Development commonly measures what? -
answer✔cognition
(reflection of intelligence & mental competence)
-like IQ, learning tasks, school achievement, cognitive development
Breakfast is an example of short term fasting. Breakfast is important because: - answer✔Dec
glucose supply --> dec. Ach (neurotransmitter) --> dec. memory fn
What is the def. of ADHD? What is a side effect of the medications for this? -
answer✔persistent pattern of inattention with and without hyperactivity
-has to have 6 + symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity
-dec. food intake
Why does a high carbohydrate diet have an effect on behavior? - answer✔inc. insulin --> dec.
muscle uptake --> inc. tryptophan crosses blood brain barrier --> serotonin (sleepiness)
What happens in food allergies? - answer✔antigens --> immune competent cells --> antibody --
> IgE is produced resulting in sensitization
What 2 things make up a diagnosis for food allergies? - answer✔Wheal: swollen
&
Flare: redness
________ synthesis decreases with lead toxicity in a child. - answer✔hemoglobin
Brain development can be impaired with irreversible damage to the nervous system because
what 3 things are interfered with lead? - answer✔glial cell, cerebellar, myelination
What 2 things could reduce lead toxicity, but does not have strong evidence? Also, adequate
_______ in diet decreases lead absorption. - answer✔Ca & Phosphate;
iron
What treatment can you use for lead poisoning? - answer✔Chelation agents/therapy @ 45 ug
(start therapy if they have 45 ug/dL lead in blood *old recommendation* )
5 ug/dL in blood is considered high levels *new recommendation*
What do androgens do in puberty? - answer✔stimulate masculine characteristics:
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