Test Bank For
Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 8th Edition 2025 Ronald L. Eisenberg
Chapter 1-12
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is:
a. idiopathic.
b. iatrogenic.
c. neoplasia.
d. community acquired.
ANS: B
A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is iatrogenic.
2. A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a:
a. disease process.
b. pathology.
c. study of diseases.
d. idiopathic process.
ANS: A
A disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury.
3. What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?
a. Idiopathic
b. Antietiologic
c. Iatrogenic
d. Nosocomial
ANS: A
Idiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause.
4. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. dysplasia.
c. neoplasia.
d. aplasia.
ANS: C
Alterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors).
5. The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:
a. infection.
b. ischemia.
c. edema.
d. inflammation.
, ANS: D
Inflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury.
6. Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:
a. hyperemia.
b. scar tissue.
c. hyperplasia.
d. infarction.
ANS: A
Hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation.
7. In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:
a. granulomatous inflammation.
b. granulation tissue.
c. phagocytes.
d. pyogens.
ANS: B
A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation
tissue refers to a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating
fibroblasts, which produce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue.
8. Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:
a. edema.
b. tumor.
c. calor.
d. dolor.
ANS: B
The five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor
(swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function.
9. Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite
the inflammatory process known as:
a. toxoids.
b. pyogens.
c. toxins.
d. abscesses.
ANS: C
Some bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that
damage the tissues and incite an inflammatory response.
10. Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called:
a. an exudate.
b. a granuloma.
c. an abscess.
d. hyperplasia.
ANS: B
, A granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis.
11. In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:
a. migration of circulating white blood cells.
b. increased blood flow and vascular permeability.
c. regeneration of normal parenchymal cells.
d. enzymatic digestion of dead cells.
ANS: B
The localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at
the site of injury.
12. In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:
a. bacteria.
b. pus.
c. edema.
d. a scar.
ANS: B
The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called
pus, which contains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria.
13. All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:
a. bacteremia.
b. phagocytosis.
c. septicemia.
d. keloid tissue.
ANS: A
All pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to
produce bacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the
body.
14. Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are
known as:
a. keloids.
b. suppurative inflammation.
c. fibrous adhesions.
d. hyperemia.
ANS: C
Eventually the strong connective tissue contracts to produce a fibrous scar. In the
abdomen, such fibrous adhesions can narrow loops of intestine and result in an
obstruction.
15. An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the
body is called:
a. bacteremia.
b. elephantiasis.
c. filariasis.
d. anasarca.
, ANS: D
Generalized edema occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout
the body (anasarca).
16. Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid
accumulation.
a. filariasis
b. edema
c. elephantiasis
d. fibrous adhesions
ANS: B
Edema is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces
or body cavities. Localized edema results from an inflammatory reaction.
17. An inflammation associated with pus formation is:
a. bacteremia.
b. phagocytosis.
c. suppurative.
d. hyperemia.
ANS: C
Suppurative inflammation is associated with pus formation.
18. The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:
a. exudate.
b. transudate.
c. pus.
d. permeable.
ANS: A
The inflammatory exudate in the tissues results in the swelling associated with
inflammation. The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a
transudate, a low-protein fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in
congestive heart failure.
19. The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary
edema is called:
a. an abscess.
b. exudate.
c. transudate.
d. filariasis.
ANS: C
The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a
low-protein fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive
heart failure.
20. A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular
occlusion is a(n):
a. gangrene.
b. infarct.
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