ANth 224 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Ethno history - answerthe study of the past using non-western, indigenous historical records,
including oral traditions.
Oral history - answerhistorical tradition, often genealogies, passed down from generation to
generation by word of mouth.
Def...
Ethno history - answer✔the study of the past using non-western, indigenous historical records,
including oral traditions.
Oral history - answer✔historical tradition, often genealogies, passed down from generation to
generation by word of mouth.
Define historical archaeology and describe how id is distinct from and related to historical and
archaeological research - answer✔"a multidisciplinary field that shares a special relationship
with the formal disciplines of history and anthropology, focuses its attention on post-colombian
past, and seeked to understand the global nature of modern life
-"The literacy of the people it studies is what sets Hist. Arch. from Prehistory"-James Deetz
-Society of Historical Archaeology defines this field as: "the study of the material remains of
past societies that also left behind documentary and oral histories. This subfield of archaeology
studies the emergence, transformation, and nature of the Modern World."
Describe the three (3) broad categories of human history. - answer✔1) oral cultures: about 99%
of all human cultures have used oral communication exclusively. Generally thought to be
connected with ancient pre-history, but oral cultures persist to the modern era.
2) textual cultures of antiquity: literate societies were created in antiquity. Examples include;
writing in Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley about 5,000 years ago, writing in India at 2000 BCE.
The investigation of these sites can be characterized as text-aided archaeology: archaeology
carried out with the aid of historical documentation.
3) textual cultures of the modern era: archaeology of "modern" history- called "historical
archaeology" and "modern world archaeology" is the archaeological study of people
documented in recent history.
1.3. Describe the three (3) main archaeological perspectives on cultures. - answer✔1)
Multidisciplinary: Cultural interpretation regularly draws on several related fields. By nature,
the field itself is multidisciplinary from using text-aids, maps, soil profile drawing, oral history,
government records, diaries, artifacts, and more.
2) Focused on Post-Colombian Past: Focuses on history after the Age of Discovery in 1415 that
set the stage for the "modern world" as western navigators, missionaries, explorers, etc.
shaped history through their encounters and conquests of culture.
3) Seeking to understand the Global Nature of Modern Life: A combination of globalization,
major industrial/technological advances, cross cultural exchange/struggle, as well as
contemporary issue about the settlements of place/ppl, race, class, gender, inequity,
consumerism, and the global mass markets inception cause us to constantly negotiate between
past and present of "modern" life.
1.4. What are the key elements of the "modern world?". Several were noted and I provided
even more in lecture. - answer✔-past 500 years of colonization
-industrialization
-colonialism
-globalization
-mass consumption and distribution especially beginning in the 19th century
-use of nuclear weapons
1.5. What are the differences between historical documents in terms of providing direct
evidence versus supplemental evidence? Can you give some examples of each? - answer✔-
Documentary sources are primary. A source can provide direct evidence in so that it is an
independent source from an artifact; from the same site but recounting a different perspective,
reflecting on the past in disparate ways.
Ex. Artifacts found in slave cabins versus historical doc written by plantation owners.
-Historical docs. Found to be supplemental are most likely found in close proximity and with
description of the site or artifacts conditions at one point in time. This kind of text will shed
light on the same topic/matter but in a different way.
Ex. In one cabin bottles are found. In the next cabin, letters are found that describe the cabins
when they were in use at one point in time by the pp who lived there.
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