COMD 5070- FINAL EXAM PREP
_____ is the study of electrical activities in muscles. - answer-electromyography (EMG)
______ ________: single line on a spectrum
______ _______ ________: multiple lines on a spectrum - answer-sine wave, complex periodic
signals
_______ _________: filtering before digitizing which prevents
i.e. using a low pass filter to prevent the higher frequencies from even reaching the digitized
system so that they won't contaminate the lower frequency recording by being represented as
an alias - answer-anti-aliasing
________ = A tentative prediction on a specific topic
- should be __________ - answer-hypothesis, testable
_________ ________ sounds get lost in a recording with a low sampling rate, and get
misrepresented as _______ _________ sounds, AKA ___________ - answer-high frequency,
low frequency, aliasing
___________ can be referred to as emotional prosody. It has to do with the expression of anger
or happiness or surprise in a person's voice. - answer-affective prosody
_________: minor imperfections in the vocal signal; perceived as lack of smoothness in a voice
-random change in either period or amplitude from one cycle to the next, perceived as
hoarseness
-diagnosis cannot be measured; only heard - answer-perturation
-hoarse voices have ________ perturbation
-normal voices have _______ perturbation
-absence of perturbation sounds __________ - answer-higher, minimal, artifical
-perturbation is ________ and _______
-modulation is ________ and _________ - answer-rapid, random, rhythmic, gradual
a ____ ______ ________ is what you see when you have a microphone recording in front of
you. it represents sound directly- that is, how air pressure changes over time (y-axis amplitude,
x-axis time). if you subject it to a fourier transform, you get a _____ _______ _____ ________ -
answer-time domain waveform, frequency domain spectrum display
a ______ _______ ________ spectrum display clearly shows harmonic energy that is present in
a complex sound
-each peak shown is an individual harmonic
-less clear at showing formants (acoustic resonance of the vocal tract)
-more revealing of sound SOURCE, but not of the vocal fold FILTER - answer-fast fourier
transform (FFT)
,a ______ _______ filter allows high frequencies through and holds back the lower frequencies -
answer-high pass
a _______ _______ ______ spectrum shows the spectral envelope
-it is good at revealing formants, but not harmonics (each peak is a formant)
-shows where resonant frequencies are relative to one another
-more revealing of FILTER, but not SOURCE
-shows how the vocal tract shapes the sound given to it by the larynx - answer-linear predictive
coding (LPC)
a _______ ________ filter allows low frequencies through and holds back the higher
frequencies - answer-low pass
a _______ ________ spectrogram analysis gives clear frequency detail (can see individual
frequency components), and poor time resolution
-shows horizontal lines that represent harmonics - answer-narrow band
a _______ ________ spectrogram analysis gives clear temporal detail (can see individual
events that are brief & resolves them with great accuracy), and poor frequency resolution
-shows vertical striations that represent glottal pulses - answer-wide band
a _______ _________ filter allows a band of frequencies in the middle through, and holds back
both higher and lower frequencies - answer-band pass
a _________ ________ filter holds back a band of frequencies in the middle and allows both
higher and lower frequencies through - answer-band reject
a _________ __________ is a line spectrum that shows the frequency components of a sound
(y-axis amplitude, x-axis frequency)
-there is no energy between the harmonics - answer-frequency domain
a _________ ________, AKA a ________ _______ shows:
-x-axis: time
-y-axis: frequency
-darkness indicates intensity
-hybrid display showing us frequency changes over time and changes in amplitude of frequency
components when they are weak/strong
-the display represents the contribution of many structures and movements; shows a lot of detail
- answer-speech spectrogram, 3D spectogram
A brief transient burst noise occurs upon release of the occlusion and the impounded air. -
answer-burst frication
A flat, monotone intonation pattern will have a _______ amount of pitch variability, which is
reflected in the acoustic measure of reduced F0 variability. - answer-small
A low pass filter
a. removes low frequencies
b. has no effect on a speech recording
c. blocks high frequencies
d. amplifies vowels
, e. none of the above - answer-c
A motor unit consists of a __________ and the ________ it enervates. - answer-motor neuron,
muscle fibers
A simple, low tech tool for a doctor to view a person's larynx is
a. a digital kymograph
b. a flexible nasendoscope
c. a rigid stroboscope
d. a laryngeal mirror - answer-d
A single vertical line on a line spectrum would represent:
a. a vowel sound
b. white noise
c. a sine wave
d. a harmonic series
e. a high pass filter - answer-c
a spectrum differs from a spectrogram because:
a. it is a time domain display
b. it does not represent time on its axis - answer-b
Acoustic goal
--specifics of ________ control are less important than the acoustic/perceptual _______.
--___________ allows _________--more than one way to achieve the goal. - answer-
movement, result, motor equivalence, flexibility
Acoustic goal theories of speech (what do these theories say about how speech is controlled? -
answer-Bite Block Example: Can put bite block bw teeth & still talk intelligibly, despite adapted
movements--changes dynamics, but result is still fine.
Motor Equivalence (ME) works well in this theory, bcus doesn't matter too much how specific
movements made; all brain really wants is good result @ effort's end.
Static perturbation studies: bite block placed in bw molars to seperate upper/lower teeth by few
mm & have patient fix their jaw position, bcus holding block in place by keeping jaw closed
against it. Normal speech with vowels, consonants etc involves jaw bobbing up/down to produce
them all, but fixing jaw w block takes jaw out of equation.
Interesting how quickly & well lips/Tongue adapt to fixed jaw without any special training or
practice.
Lip movements =slightly bigger to compensate for jaw not carrying upper lip. Tongue
movements=slightly bigger. Not really noticeable to pt, since happens so quickly. Shows how
adaptable speech planning and production system is, & suggests that control signals not rigidly
fixed, but adaptable to speakers circumstances.
acoustic nasometry
____ microphones
_________ plate between ________
upper records _______ acoustic signal
