Exam (elaborations)
NRSG 357: OP And OA – Questions With Solutions
- Course
- Institution
NRSG 357: OP And OA – Questions With Solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
NRSG 357: OP And OA – Questions With SolutionsDefine osteopenia Right Ans - bone loss that is more than normal but not
yet at the level for a diagnosis of osteoporosis
Define osteoporosis (OP) Right Ans - -chronic, progressive metabolic bone
disease marked by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to
increased bone fragility and can lose it function
-Due to imbalance between reabsorption and deposition (resorption exceeds
deposition)
-aka "silent thief"
Where do spontaneous fractures occur? Right Ans - hips, vertebra, ribs
What are risk factors for OP? Right Ans - -Advancing age >65
-Female gender
-Low body weight
-White or Asian ethnicity
-Current cigarette smoking
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Estrogen deficiency in women
-Family history of osteoporosis
-Diet low in calcium or vitamin D deficiency
-Excessive use of alcohol
-Low testosterone in men
-Long term use of corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, heparin, long acting
sedatives, or antiseizure drugs
What prevention can be done for OP? Right Ans - -Adequate vitamin D
intake
-Adequate calcium intake
-Foods high in calcium: milk, yogurt, turnip greens, cottage cheese, ice cream,
sardines and spinach
-Regular physical activity
What is the etiology and pathology of OP? Right Ans - Peak bone mass is
achieved before age 20 and is determined by: heredity, nutrition, exercise, and
hormone function. Bone loss from midlife onward is inevitable. Bone is
continually being deposited by osteoblasts and resorbed by osteoclasts, rates
, of bone deposition and resorption are usually equal so total bone mass
remains constant. In osteoporosis, bone resorption exceeds bone deposition.
What are symptoms/complications of OP? Right Ans - -Occurs most often
in bones of the spine, hips, wrists, ribs
-A person who has one vertebral fracture from osteoporosis has an increased
risk of a second one within one year
-Won't see fracture in x-ray
-Will become shorter
-Humped thoracic spine (kyphosis or "dowager's hump")
What are early manifestations of OP? Right Ans - -back pain and
spontaneous fractures
-Loss of bone mass causes bones to become mechanically weaker and prone to
spontaneous fractures or fractures from minimal trauma
-Micro-fractures freq (bones break, little pieces at a time)
-Pain: back pain, pain in legs
What diagnostics are used for OP? Right Ans - -BMD
-DXA
-QUS
*measure the health of the bone
What is BMD? Right Ans - bone mineral density-determined by peak bone
mass and amount of bone loss
What is DXA? Right Ans - dual energy x ray-considered the gold standard of
BMD studies-measures bone density in the spine, hips, and forearm which
represents the most common sites of fragility fractures from osteoporosis.
-are also useful to evaluate changes in bone density over time and assess
effectiveness of treatment. Person must lay down for 15 mins.
-Green-healthy; yellow-osteopenia; red-OP
What is QUS? Right Ans - -quantitative ultrasound-uses sound waves to
measure bone density in the heel, kneecap, or shin;
-portable, less expensive, quicker
What are possible treatments for OP? Right Ans - -Ca
-Vitamin D
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Studyhall. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now