TEST BANK for Medical
Emergencies: Essentials for the
Dental Professional, 2nd Edition
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, Chapter 1
Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?
Infections secondary to low levels of circulating neutrophils are common.
Which of the following statements about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is
TRUE?
Activated thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the circulating blood.
Which of the following statements about sickle cell disease is FALSE?
Sickled red blood cells have longer life spans than normal red blood cells.
For a patient with hemophilia B, which of the following statements is TRUE?
The patient's father had hemophilia B, and the mother was a carrier of the defective
gene.
Of the following, which would be the most likely dysfunction experienced by a patient
with multiple myeloma?
Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion
Patients with lymphoma are most likely to experience abnormal function of:
B cells.
Your patient is a 26-year-old African-American male who is alert but in severe distress,
complaining of pain in his hands and feet, as well as abdominal pain. The pain began
this morning but has progressed from an initial rating of 5/10 to a 9/10 at the present
time. The patient has a history of sickle cell anemia and denies any trauma. Physical
examination reveals cool, diaphoretic skin; pain with palpation to all 4 abdominal
quadrants; splenomegaly; and a priapism. HR = 132, BP = 140/90, RR = 16. Select the
most appropriate acute diagnosis and treatment for this patient.
Sickle cell occlusive crisis. Administer oxygen by nonrebreathing mask, isotonic
crystalloids, and morphine.
Your patient is a 23-year-old female who is 6 hours postpartum after a traumatic
delivery resulting in a massive blood transfusion. She is to be transferred from a
community hospital to a specialty hospital for further care. She is unconscious and
intubated, with a number of intravenous lines. Your physical examination reveals a
purpuric rash over the chest and abdomen, mottling of the fingers and toes, and all of
the venous access sites are oozing blood. In addition, auscultation of the lung fields
reveals rales to the dependant regions. HR = 112, BP = 82/60, RR = 12 via ventilator.
Which of the following best describes the patient's condition and treatment needs in
addition to continued ventilation and fluid administration?
DIC; fresh frozen plasma and platelet administration
Immunity resulting from a direct attack on a foreign substance by specialized cells in the
immune system is:
cellular immunity.
Your patient is experiencing profuse hives, itching, dyspnea, coughing, tachycardia, and
dizziness after eating seafood 5 minutes ago. You might also expect to see all of the
following signs EXCEPT:
hypertension
You are called to the home of a 28-year-old male who is complaining of hoarseness, a
scratchy sensation in the back of his throat, and palpitations. The symptoms began
, about 30 minutes ago and have grown steadily worse ever since the patient ingested
prescribed penicillin 1 hour ago. Patient management should include all of the following
EXCEPT:
administration of an IV beta-blocker.
Which of the following statements about the epidemiology of Graves' disease is true?
Graves' disease is about six times more common in women than in men.
A chemical substance that is released into the blood by a gland and that controls or
affects processes in other glands or body systems is a:
hormone
Secretion of glucagon from the pancreas results in hepatic ________ and a subsequent
________ of blood glucose.
glycogenolysis, increase
Which of the following best explains the process of osmotic diuresis associated with
hyperglycemia?
Glucose in the urine raises osmotic pressure inside the kidney tubule, drawing water
into the tubule from the surrounding tissues.
A patient presents with a history of excessive diuresis, signs and symptoms of
dehydration, and a blood glucose of 958 mg/dL but has no acetone-like odor on his
breath. To which of the following can the absence of an acetone-like odor most likely be
attributed?
Insulin levels sufficient enough to allow some glucose to enter body cells
Which of the following is associated with a greater predisposition for hypoglycemia due
to decreased gluconeogenesis?
renal failure
Which of the following explains the profound protein catabolism and gluconeogenesis
associated with Cushing's syndrome?
Cortisol is an antagonist to insulin.
Acute exacerbation of Addison's disease can lead to ECG changes and cardiovascular
collapse as a result of:
electrolyte imbalance and low blood volume secondary to potassium retention and
sodium excretion.
A 63-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism presents in a stuporous state,
responsive only to pain. Physical exam reveals thin hair, a puffy face, an enlarged
tongue, and very cold, doughy skin. Her heart rate is 100 and regular, RR is 10 and
regular, BP is 90/62, and temperature of 86°F via a tympanic thermometer. Your
treatment of this patient should NOT include:
active rewarming.
Your patient is a 45-year-old type I diabetic complaining of a 5-day history of abdominal
pain, nausea/vomiting, and increased urination and thirst. His skin and mucus
membranes are warm and dry. HR =112 bpm and regular, BP = 94/60, RR = 12 and
regular. Your treatment for this patient would most likely include:
IV of NS 1-2 L.
A 24-year-old male is supine on the floor and unconscious with snoring respirations.
You note a weak, rapid pulse and cool, diaphoretic skin. HR = 124 and regular, BP =
136/88, RR = 8 and regular. Blood glucose is 24 mg/dL. After manually opening the
airway, which of the following is the best sequence of actions?
