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BIO 2051 Nguyen Exam 1| Questions Solved 100% Correct | Verified Answers
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BIO 2051 Nguyen Exam 1| Questions Solved 100% Correct | Verified Answers
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BIO 2051 Nguyen Exam 1| Questions Solved 100%Correct | Verified Answers
what causes pleomorphic shaped bacteria? - ✔✔lack of cell wall
what is the size range of bacteria? - ✔✔.5-5 micrometers
what is the largest bacterium in the world? - ✔✔Thiomargarita nambiensis (700
micrometers)
what is the smallest genus of bacteria? - ✔✔Mycoplasma (.2 micrometers)
what organelles/molecules are in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells? - ✔✔DNA nucleoid
chromosome-packing proteins
enzymes
regulatory factors
ribosomes
plasmids
inclusion bodies
gas vesicles
magnetosomes
cytoskeletal structures
what is the DNA nucleoid? - ✔✔non-membrane bound area within cytoplasm that houses
the chromosomes and DNA replication machinery
what is the purpose of proteins in chromosomes? - ✔✔organize and compact DNA
,what are inclusion bodies? - ✔✔various polymers that store carbon, phosphate, nitrogen,
and sulfur
what are sulfur globules? - ✔✔inclusion body energy source
what is a poly-B- hydroxybutyrate? - ✔✔carbon and energy source
what are gas vesicles? - ✔✔molecule for buoyancy control that is usually for water-dwelling
photosynthetic microbes like cyanobacteria
what are carboxysomes? - ✔✔organelle that is the location of carbon fixation reactions like
the Calvin Cycle in photosynthetic bacteria
what are magnetosomes? - ✔✔organelle made up of proteins, lipids, and iron that orients
the cell during movement and helps find low oxygen areas
what kind of internal structures help organize bacterial cells? - ✔✔cytoskeleton
what are cytoskeleton structures? - ✔✔proteins that assist in keeping everything in the
correct locations in cells
some help in cell wall synthesis, cell division, and moving plasmids
what are Ftsz and MreB molecules associated with? - ✔✔cytoskeletal proteins involved in
cell wall synthesis during cell division
what are the structures in the bacterial cell envelope? - ✔✔plasma membrane
cell wall
, and sometimes an outer membrane
what is the function of the bacterial cell envelope? - ✔✔separates the interior cell from the
environment
what are hopanoids? - ✔✔sterol molecules in bacterial plasma membrane that help with
stability across temperature ranges
how do items cross the plasma membrane and into the bacterial cell? - ✔✔Diffusion
Aquaporin channel
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
co-transport mechanisms
ABC transporters
what is the purpose of aquaporin protein channels? - ✔✔to help diffuse water across the
plasma membrane
what is osmosis? - ✔✔the flow of water across the plasma membrane toward the side with
the higher solute concentration
what is facilitated diffusion? - ✔✔use of a protein channel to move particles with a
concentration gradient
NO ATP
what is active transport? - ✔✔using energy to move particles against a concentration
gradient
requires ATP
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