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NR 283 final concepts Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NR 283 final concepts Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NR 283 final conceptsExam Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
What is the definition of pain? - Answer: unpleasant sensation, feeling of discomfort caused by
stimulation of pain receptors
What stimulates pain? - Answer: Pain receptors
What is pain? - Answer: a defense mechanism for the body
What are some causes of pain? - Answer: - infections
- inflammation
- Ischemia
- Tissue necrosis
- stretching of tissue
- stretching of tendons
- stretching of joint capsule
- Chemicals
- burns
- muscle spasms
What is somatic pain? - Answer: pain originating from the skin (cutaneous), bone and muscle
,What conducts somatic pain? - Answer: - sensory fibers
What is Visceral pain? - Answer: Acute or chronic pain originating from organs
What conducts visceral pain? - Answer: Sympathetic fibers
What are the pain fibers associated with pain? - Answer: Myelinated A delta fibers
Unmyelinated C fibers
What does myelinated A delta fibers associated with? - Answer: - Acute pain that is impulses are
transmitted rapidly
What does myelinated A delta fibers make the pain feel like? - Answer: - Sharp
- Sudden
- Localized
What does unmyelinated C fibers associated with? - Answer: Chronic pain that their impulses are
transmitted slowly
What does unmyelinated C fibers make the pain feel like? - Answer: - Diffuse
- Dull
- Burning
- aching sensation
Where is the somatic sensory area located? - Answer: Cerebral cortex in parietal lobe
What is the gate control theory? - Answer: the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate"
that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
What happens when the gate is open? - Answer: - Pain impulses transmitted from periphery to brain
,What happens when gate closes? - Answer: - reduced or modifies the passage of pain impulses
How does one control pain? - Answer: - application of ICE
- Use of TENS
- use of opiate-like chemicals
What are some examples of opiate-like chemicals? - Answer: - enkephalins
- dynorphins
- beta-lipoproteins
What does TENS stand for? - Answer: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
What are signs / symptoms of pain? - Answer: - location of pain
- aching
- burning
- sharp
- widespread
- throbbing
- cramping
- time of pain
- physical evidence of pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- fainting
- dizziness
- Clenched fists
- rigid faces
, What are signs of pain in infants? - Answer: - tachycardia
- increased BP
- facial expressions
What is referred pain? - Answer: pain that may be perceived at a site distant from source
What is referred pain commonly associated with? - Answer: - Visceral damage in abdominal organs
- heart attack
- ischemia in heart
What is phantom pain? - Answer: pain experienced in the area of a body part that has been surgically or
traumatically removed
What is phantom pain associated with? - Answer: - prolonged chronic pain
- amputation
What are common phantom pain signs associated with amputation? - Answer: - pain
- itching
- tingling
what is pain threshold? - Answer: - point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain
- does not vary with peple
What is pain tolerance? - Answer: - The amount of pain a person can endure without it interfering with
normal function
- Varies among individuals
What causes pain tolerance to be reduced? - Answer: - fatigue
- stress
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