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Pathophysiology (NR283) Study Guide Exam 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Pathophysiology (NR283) Study Guide Exam 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Pathophysiology(NR283) Study Guide
Exam 1 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Hypertrophy - Answer: Increase in cell size - results in enlarged tissue mass
Causes of hypertrophy - Answer: Additional work by the tissue
Excessive hormonal stimulation
Examples of hypertrophy - Answer: Enlarged heart resulting from increased demands
Effect of consistent exercise on skeletal muscle, leading to an enlarged muscle mass
Atrophy - Answer: Decrease in cell size - results in reduced tissue mass
Causes of atrophy - Answer: Reduced use of the tissue
Insufficient nutrition
Decreased neurologic or hormonal stimulation
Aging
Example of atrophy - Answer: Shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs when a limb is immobilized in a
cast for several weeks
,Hyperplasia - Answer: Increase in number of cells - results in enlarged tissue mass
Cause of hyperplasia - Answer: Compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand or pathologic
when there is a hormonal imbalance
In some cases ________ and _______ can occur simultaneously, as in the uterine enlargement that
occurs during pregnancy - Answer: Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia - Answer: Mature cell type that is replaced by a different mature cell type
Adaptive mechanism that provides more resistance tissue
Example of metaplasia - Answer: Smoker cells
Dysplasia - Answer: Abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Large nuclei are frequently present
Rate of mitosis is increased
Causes of dysplasia - Answer: Chronic irritation
Infection
Precancerous change
Neoplasia - Answer: "New growth" or tumor
Ischemia - Answer: Deficient of oxygen in the cells
Most common cause of cell damage - Answer: Ischemia
Hypoxia - Answer: Deficiency in amount of oxygen in the tissues
, Causes of cell damage - Answer: - Ischemia
- Hypoxia
- Physical damage (excessive heat or cold; radiation exposure)
- Mechanical damage (pressure of tearing tissue)
- Chemical toxins
- Microorganisms
- Abnormal metabolites
- Nutritional deficits
- Imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
Stages of cell damage - Answer: Reversible and irreversible
Reversible cell damage - Answer: Alteration of metabolic reaction, temporary loss of function
Irreversible cell damage - Answer: Cell dies
Necrosis - Answer: Group of cells die
Fluid compartments - Answer: Intercellular fluid (ICF) compartment
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