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PSYCHOLOGY 1004 EXAM 3 GELLER QUESTIONS
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PSYCHOLOGY 1004 EXAM 3 GELLER QUESTIONS
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PSYCHOLOGY 1004 EXAM 3 GELLER QUESTIONSClassical Conditioning - Answers- Previously neural stimuli come to elicit autonomic
responses
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - Answers- A stimulus that reflexively triggers an
autonomic response
Unconditioned Response (UCR) - Answers- The autonomic behavior/response
triggered by the UCS
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Answers- A stimulus which was previously neutral when
triggering a response, but comes to elicit a similar response to the one triggered by the
UCS because it's associated with the UCS
Stimulus Generalization - Answers- Occurs when a CR is triggered by a stimulus
similar to the original CS
Stimulus Discrimination - Answers- Occurs when a CR is not exhibited in the presence
of other stimuli, because they are sufficiently different from the original CS
Conditioned Taste Aversion - Answers- When getting sick (UCS) is paired with
food/drink (CS), leads to feeling nausea in the the presence of the same food/drink later
Phobia - Answers- An extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something; will be
avoided at all costs
Operant Conditioning - Answers- Voluntary behavior comes to be controlled by
consequences following its occurance
Discriminative Stimulus - Answers- A stimulus that indicates the availability of a
reinforcer following a particular behavior (classroom prompts quiet and note taking)
Contingency Management - Answers- Techniques that regulate behavior by controlling
its consequences
Reinforcement - Answers- When a consequence causes a behavior to increase
Punishment - Answers- When a consequence causes a behavior to decrease
Positive Reinforcement - Answers- We perform behaviors to obtain or add pleasant
consequences; are always rewarding
Negative Reinforcement - Answers- We perform behaviors that make things we dislike
go away
, Primary Reinforcer - Answers- Biologically based or necessary for survival
Conditioned Response (CR) - Answers- The same type of response originally elicited
by the UCS, but occurs because of the CS
Acquisition - Answers- The period of learning during which a conditioned response is
developed
Extinction - Answers- Where a CR is weakened and eventually ceases because its no
longer paired with a UCS
Spontaneous Recovery - Answers- When a previously extinguished learned response
suddenly returns
Secondary Reinforcer - Answers- Have been reliably associated with Primary
Reinforcers (money)
Positive Punishment - Answers- Target behavior decreases because its followed by the
addition of an unwanted stimulus (getting spanked)
Negative Punishment - Answers- Target behavior decreases because it results in the
loss of a desired stimulus (take away favorite toy)
Avoidance Learning - Answers- When an organism learns a response in order to avoid
experiencing an unpleasant stimulus
Escape Learning - Answers- Learning to perform a behavior to terminate an ongoing,
unwanted stimulus
Intrinsic Consequences - Answers- Natural consequences that come with part of a
job/task
Extrinsic Consequences - Answers- Consequences are extra, you do something
because you get a reward
Fixed-Interval Schedule - Answers- Where a reinforcer is only available after a certain
amount of time (interval) has passed, regardless of how often a behavior is performed
Variable-Interval Schedule - Answers- A reinforcer is available after varying amounts of
time (intervals) have passed, regardless of how often the behavior is performed
Fixed-Ratio Schedule - Answers- Where a behavior must be performed a certain (fixed)
number of times before it is reinforced
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