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PSYCHOLOGY 1004 EXAM 1 VIRGINIA TECH
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PSYCHOLOGY 1004 EXAM 1 VIRGINIA TECH
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PSYCHOLOGY 1004 EXAM 1 VIRGINIA TECHpsychology - Answers- the SCIENTIFIC study of the causes of behavior and mental
processes
behavior - Answers- overt action and reaction (objectively observable)
-ex: smiling
rule of thirds - Answers- -1/3 clinicians
-1/3 academics
-1/3 administrators in organizations
Industrial Organization (IO) - Answers- deal with psych in the work place
-assessments to make sure hiring the right people or if everyone is in the roles that are
best for their skills
basic psychology - Answers- uses the scientific method to gain knowledge about topics
in psych (to satisfy curiosity; learn more)
applied psychology - Answers- uses knowledge to solve and prevent human problems
Aristotle - Answers- 4th century BC
emphasized observation and experiencing the world
Descartes - Answers- -17th century
-much human behavior & all animal behavior is reflexive
-reflexive=automatic, and subject to natural, external causes
-humans possess a MIND
-mind is not controlled by natural forces
-mind-body dualism
-why all animals are reflexive and some of human behavior is not
Wilhem Wundt - Answers- -1832-1920
-1st psych lab in Germany
-emphasized structuralism
-used introspection
structuralism - Answers- study of structure of immediate conscious experience
introspection - Answers- self-examination of mental state
William James - Answers- -1842-1910
-American
-emphasized functionalism
-increased emphasis on BEHAVIOR and on PRACTICAL APPLICATION of psych
, functionalism - Answers- study of how the mind works and WHY we behave the way we
do
Psychodynamic - Answers- focuses on introspection
-Freud
-impulses are driven by se and aggression
-id, ego, and superego
*unconscious; clinical problems due to unconscious thought
Behaviorist - Answers- -Pavlov and Skinner
-conditioning
-focus on OBSERVABLE behavior; behavior changes through learning
Humanistic - Answers- -focus on self-concept realizing our full potential, and the
challenges in doing so
-very positive
Cognitive - Answers- what is happening in the MIND; thoughts, information processing,
memory, etc.
Neuroscience - Answers- influence of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord) on
behavior
OHDAC - Answers- Scientific Method: observation, hypothesis, design experiment,
perform, analyze, and conclude
hypothesis - Answers- tentative statement about a cause-and-effect relation between 2
or more events
theory - Answers- a set of statements that describe and explain known facts, proposes
relations among variables, and makes new predictions
operational definitions - Answers- the definition of IV and DV in terms of the operations
a researcher performs in order to set their values or to measure them
-ex: need to define "intelligence" before doing an intelligence/IQ test
Naturalistic observation - Answers- observe subjects in their natural/normal
environment
Clinical observation - Answers- observe subjects undergoing treatment for a
psychological condition
allows for experimenter control
Correlational studies - Answers- used to determine the relationship btwn variables
can NOT determine causality, just because X and Y are related, can't say X causes Y
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