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PSYC 1004 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
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PSYC 1004 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
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PSYC 1004 EXAM 4 QUESTIONSSocial Cognition - Answers- the thoughts we have about the stimuli in our environment,
which typically arise when a schema is activated
Schemas - Answers- Mental categories our brain uses to quickly make a judgment
about our surroundings in order to save processing power. At their most basic level,
they help us assess our approach to stimuli, and more complex schemas can infer
personality characteristics of people around us and suggest how we should act.
Social Cognitive Biases - Answers- A reliance on schemas to make assumptions about
social situations; they are often incomplete but have solidified over time and become a
bias
Attribution - Answers- An assumption of why a person is acting a certain way
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers- Attributing a person's behavior to what we
assume to be his/her personality rather than factors outside of that individual (e.g., the
situation)
In-Group Favoritism - Answers- Believing our in-group is better than certain out-groups,
and benefitting that in-group through thoughts and/or actions
Group-Serving Bias - Answers- Accepting positive aspects of our in-group despite
evidence that contradicts these beliefs
Attraction - Answers- Feeling interested or drawn to another person as a result of the
individual's characteristics (i.e., physical, intellectual, or emotional) or social standing
(i.e., popularity, power, or affiliation)
Social Comparison - Answers- Self-evaluation by comparison with others (i.e., "I'm
smarter than they are" or "I'm more attractive than her/him")
Homogeneity Effect - Answers- The assumption that members of a particular out-group
are "homogenous," or very similar to each other on particular characteristics
Stereotypes - Answers- Assumptions that members of a particular out-group share
certain characteristics or behaviors
Halo Effect - Answers- The tendency to make assumptions about a person based on a
single positive characteristic. This is best understood not in a religious sense (e.g.,
"good" or angelic) but in terms of light - a "halo" radiating from a single source of life,
like the sun
Prejudice - Answers- Negative attitudes resulting from stereotypes
, Intergroup Contact Theory - Answers- A theory that states prejudice is based on a lack
of , and more contact between groups will lead to greater understanding and less
prejudice
Discrimination - Answers- Negative action stemming from a stereotype
Peripheral Route - Answers- One of the two paths to changing an attitude; this route of
attitude change attempts to intervene on beliefs that are not very strong
Central Route - Answers- One of two paths to changing an attitude; this route of
attitude change attempts to intervene on core beliefs (e.g., personal values or other
strongly held ideas)
Reciprocity - Answers- A feeling of obligation arising from the notion that we are in debt
to someone when they do us a favor
Ingratiation - Answers- A conscious effort to get others to like us
Self-Serving Bias - Answers- Taking credit for our successes and blaming failures on
situational factors in order to maintain a positive view of ourselves
Cognitive Load - Answers- The notion that people can only process so much
information at once, given their capabilities and the amount/intensity of the stimuli
around them
Cognitive Misers - Answers- they try to use as little processing power possible to make
decisions, typically by heavy reliance on schemas to navigate their environment
Affiliation - Answers- Connecting with others you identify with in some way
In-Group - Answers- A group with which an individual is affiliated
Out-Group - Answers- A group an individual believes s/he is not a part of nor affiliated
with in particular ways
Intergroup Bias - Answers- The tendency to favor an in-group (with which we identify)
and undervalue out-groups (those with which we do not identify)
Impression Management - Answers- Actively managing the way you believe others
perceive you (e.g., buying clothes you cannot afford to convey an appearance of
wealth)
Self-Monitoring - Answers- monitoring others' reactions and adjusting our actions to
change the way we believe they perceive us
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