Jean Kelly, 82 years old Skinny Reasoning Urinary Tract
Infection/Urosepsis Case Study 2024 Update Graded A+
With Reference
10% of UTI result in which complications? - ANSWER: gram negative sepsis
chronic pyelonephritis with loss of renal function
what are the host defenses against UTI? - ANSWER: 1. urine osmolarity and pH
2. normal flow of urine
3. kidneys protected due to presence of the uterovesicular valves that prevent reflux
of urine from the bladder
4. constant sloughing of the epithelial cells lining the urinary tract
5. constant peristalsis of the ureters
6. mucosal immunity- nonspecific and specific immunity
7. in males- antimicrobial activity prostatic secretions
what is UTI? - ANSWER: significant bacteriuria, presence of bacteria >10^5 CFU/mL in
urine
what is asymptomatic bacteriuria? - ANSWER: >10^5 CFU/mL in urine but no
symptoms
what is acute urethral syndrome? - ANSWER: <10^5 CFU/mL- with symptoms
what is recurrent UTI? - ANSWER: could be relapse or re-infection
what is pyuria? - ANSWER: white blood cells in urine
what is dysuria? - ANSWER: painful urination; often a burning sensation
what is hematuria? - ANSWER: blood in urine
what is nephrolithiasis? - ANSWER: kidney stone formation
what is significant bacteriuria? - ANSWER: presence of bacteria in void urine which
exceeds the number that can be expected from contamination from the anterior end
of the urethra
what is urethritis? - ANSWER: infection and inflammation of the urethral mucosa
what are the signs and symptoms of urethritis? - ANSWER: discharge and dysuria
urethritis might also be caused by what? - ANSWER: STI
what is cystitis? - ANSWER: infection and inflammation of the bladder
, what are the signs and symptoms of cystitis? - ANSWER: urgency, frequency, dysuria
small volume voiding
offensive smell of urine
cloudy pyuria
hematuria
suprapubic tenderness, low back discomfort pre and immediately post void
FEVER AND DISCHARGE USUALLY ABSENT
what is hemorrhagic cystitis? - ANSWER: symptoms of cystitis and large quantities of
visible blood in the urine
what are the features of cystitis in children? - ANSWER: symptoms may be
nonspecific such as fever and vomiting
what are the features of cystitis in the elderly? - ANSWER: nonspecific fever and
confusion
what are the specific localized symptoms of cystitis in adults? - ANSWER: urethritis
cystitis
pyelonephritis
what is the incidence of asymptomatic UTI? - ANSWER: 50%
what is prostatitis? - ANSWER: infection and inflammation of the prostate gland
what are the sings and symptoms of prostatitis? - ANSWER: fever
shaking chills
perirectal pain
low back pain
cystitis symptoms
decreased libido or impotence
painful ejaculation
varying degrees of bladder outflow obstruction
what is pyelonephritis? - ANSWER: infection of the kidney and its pelvis- involves
renal parenchyma
pyelonephritis usually follows what? - ANSWER: UTI, especially recurrent infections
what are the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis? - ANSWER: similar to cystitis,
but in addition:
- fever generally present
- flank pain and tenderness due to renal inflammation
- WBC casts and crystals in urine
what happens in severe cases of pyelonephritis? - ANSWER: may progress to septic
shock/death
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