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NURS280 Exam 1 Study Set With Verified Answers
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NURS280 Exam 1 Study Set WithVerified Answers
Endoscopic results reveal metaplastic changes in the duodenum. Which of the following
statements describes these cellular changes?
a) Metaplasia indicates an increase in cell size.
b) Metaplasia is indicative of cancer.
c) Metaplasia is the replacement of one cell type by another.
d) Metaplasia and dysplasia are synonymous. - Answer c) Metaplasia is the replacement
of one cell type by another
Metaplasia is a cellular adaption in which a cell type is changed to better accommodate
environmental stressors.
An echocardiogram of a patient with long-term hypertension related to a sedentary
lifestyle and poor diet may reveal which of the following changes?
a) Pathological hypertrophy
b) Physical hypertrophy
c) Benign neoplasm
d) Cardiac apoptosis - Answer Layer of dead cells
a) Pathological hypertrophy
Hypertension can result in hypertrophy of the heart. This would be considered
"pathological" as it is in response to a disease state, and support for the enlarged heart,
increased cardiac circulation, may be lacking.
While reading a medical journal article, you learn that HIV infection increases the rate of
apoptosis in CD4 cells. What can you likely expect to find in laboratory values?
a) An increase in CD4 levels with patient infected by HIV
b) An increase in CD4 cell size
c) Lower than normal CD4 levels will be present with HIV infection
d) CD4 mitotic ratio will be elevated - Answer c) Lower than normal CD4 levels will be
present with HIV infection
Apoptosis is programmed cell death. If apoptosis rates are increased, CD4 levels will
, decrease.
A skin biopsy reveals a malignant neoplasm. Which statement supports this conclusion?
a) The biopsy revealed well-differentiated cells.
b) The biopsy contained normal-appearing cells.
c) The biopsy revealed cells with disorganized arrangement.
d) The biopsy revealed clear borders of neoplastic growth. - Answer c) The biopsy
revealed cells with disorganized arrangement.
Malignant neoplasms contain cells that are growing in a disorganized, random pattern.
Growing neoplasms require an adequate blood supply. A new cancer treatment inhibits
this angiogenesis. Which of the following factors does the new treatment most likely
inhibit?
a) Nitric oxide (NO)
b) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
c) Endothelin
d) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha - Answer b) Vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF)
VEGF promotes angiogenesis, so a medication which inhibits this factor may reduce
blood supply to a tumor.
Which of the following diseases is most commonly associated with metaplasia?
a) Jaundice
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Peptic ulcer
d) Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Answer d) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal reflux diseases occurs when gastric contents enter the esophagus.
Over time, the esophageal cells undergo metaplastic changes as an adaptation to the
gastric acid.
Hypoxia may limit a cell's ability to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Which of the
following cellular disruptions may occur when ATP levels fall?
a) Increased plasma membrane integrity
b) Decreased lactic acid levels
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